【作者】 张有政；

【导师】 李青松；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 化学工艺， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 长期以来,醋酸废水的处理一直是困扰许多企业的技术难题。研究醋酸、水的有效分离不仅可以带来经济和社会效益,同时对于化工分离、化工环保等学科的发展也具有重要作用。在工业生产中,大量精确可靠的流体相平衡数据是实现萃取精馏工艺的设计改造、挖潜创新及选择最佳工艺条件的基础条件,同时在化学工程领域,流体相平衡数据的测定和热力学模型的研究也是十分重要的内容。本研究中,采用自制的液液相平衡釜测定了常压下醋酸—磷酸二异辛酯—水、醋酸—乙酸正戊酯—水两个三元体系30℃、80℃两个温度下的液液相平衡数据,根据实验数据绘制出两个物系在30℃、80℃两个温度下的相图,并系统的比较和分析了这一体系的相平衡行为,为后续实验研究打好了基础。本研究对乙酸正戊酯—醋酸—水、磷酸二异辛酯—醋酸—水两个三元体系30℃、80℃两个温度下的液液相平衡数据进行关联计算。通过改进的单纯形法,采用新的目标函数对数据进行了回归,得到了修正的UNIQUAC能量参数。同时比较了不同的目标函数。利用得到的修正的UNIQUAC能量参数,采用Newton-Raphson法推算了乙酸正戊酯—醋酸—水三元物系的液液相平衡,并计算了推算值与实测值的平均误差与均方根误差。通过硝化、还原两步法改性重油制备醋酸萃取剂,改性的重油对于低浓度醋酸具有一定的萃取能力。实验通过不断改进重油改性方法,初步优选出了适合重油改性的硝化剂、还原剂、稀释剂以及合适的改性重油破乳的方法。本论文研究了两种高沸点萃取剂对醋酸的萃取性能,并开发合成一种廉价的萃取剂,为后续的分离萃取工艺打下基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The treatment of acetic acid wastewater has been a biggest problem to many chemistry companies for a long time. The study on efficient separation of acetic acid and water not only benefits the economy and society, but also plays an important role in the development of some subjects such as chemical separation and environmental protection. In the chemical industry, a large amount of accurate data of fluid phase equilibrium is the foundation of plant design and improvement of existing separation processes. The measurement and correlation of liquid-liquid phase equilibrium data are also important to select proper solvents for the extraction process of acetic acid solution.In the paper the phase equilibrium data of the two ternary systems of acetic acid-P-204-water and acetic acid-n-amyl acetate-water are measured with a liquid-liquid equilibrium still at 30℃、80℃in the atmospheric pressure. The phase diagrams under the two temperatures are drawn and analyzed systematically.In the study, the liquid-liquid equilibrium data of the two ternary systems of acetic acid-P-204-water and acetic acid-n-amyl acetate-water at 30℃and 80℃are correlated to obtain the modified UNIQUAC energy parameters through improved simplex method with different objective functions. With those parameters, the liquid-liquid equilibria of the two ternary systems are calculated and compared between the calculated numbers and experimental data.An extraction solvent was synthesized from heavy oil modified by nitration and reduction. The modified heavy oil can extract acetic acid of low concentration. The nitrating agent, reluctant, diluents for the modified heavy oils and proper method of demulsifying modified heavy oils are determined.This paper studies extraction performance of two kinds of high boiling point of acetic acid extractant and synthetize a cheap acetic acid extractant. Lay the foundation for the follow-up separation process.更多还原