【作者】 洪云霞；

【导师】 李安； 李培江；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 机械工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着钻井技术的快速发展,对钻井设备的先进性、可靠性以及经济实用性的要求越来越高。老式钻机由于结构复杂,性能落后,难以满足钻井新技术、新工艺的需要,因此开发一种新型石油钻机替代老式钻机势在必行。ZJ50/3150LDB钻机是根据市场的需要和用户的要求研制的一种新型机电混合驱动的石油钻机。天车是钻机重要部件之一,是钻机主机提升系统的固定部分,它通过绞车和提升系统的游动部分一起来完成起下钻作业、处理事故作业以及正常钻进。美国石油学会的API Spec 4F“钻井和修井井架、底座规范”、8A和8C“钻井和采油提升设备规范”对其主要结构和零件有严格的设计要求,通过广泛查阅、检索国内外文献资料,严格依据API标准设计了天车的参数和结构。ZJ50LDB天车架采用自动焊接机焊制H型钢,零件选用了Q345-B、40CrNiMoA和35CrMoA等新材料,大大的提高了天车的稳定性和刚度。滑轮采用了新型的环锻工艺,保证了滑轮的制造质量,设计了防碰、防护和防坠落等新结构,更好的满足了HSE要求。并对天车轴、滑轮、天车架进行了力学计算,ANSYS有限元分析计算,得出新型的ZJ50LDB天车的各项指标完全满足设计要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of drilling technology, the demand for much advanced, reliable and economically applicable drilling equipment becomes more and more stronger. The complexity in structure and un-satisfying properties make old drilling rigs hard to meet the demand of new drilling technology and process. So it is utterly necessary for the industry to find a new type of oil drilling rig to replace the old ones. ZJ50/ 3150LDB, a new type of electromechanical combination driven oil drilling rig, is developed based on solid market survey and users’demand. Crown block, an integral component of the hoisting system, is one of the most critical parts of the rig. Trip in or out of the hole, well-site failure handling and normal penetration can be conducted by combining it with drawworks and traveling blocks of the hoisting system. Strict requirements can be found in API Spec 4F“Specification for Drilling and Well Servicing Structures”, 8A and 8C“Specification for Drilling and Production Hoisting Equipment”in term of designing main structure and parts of this critical component. The parameters and configuration of the crown block described in this article are made in accordance of relative API standards and are the results of extensive perusing and search of documents published at home and abroad. The crown block has its reliability and rigidity greatly improved by adopting I-beam weldment for its platform and new materials such as Q345-B, 40CrNiMoA and 35CrMoA for its parts. I-beam weldment quality can be guaranteed by automated welding machine. New ring forging process is used for crown sheaves with secured milling quality and new structures like crown-o-matic, anti-falling device and crown protection add more safety factors to better meet HSE requirements. Shafts, sheaves and platform of the crown blocks are all go through computation on mechanics and by ANSYS finite element analysis. The results prove that this new type of AJ50LDB crown block can fully meet design requirements.更多还原