【作者】 邱雪敏；

【导师】 吉方英；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 环境工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 生活垃圾焚烧发电是近年来国内采用的垃圾处置方法之一,该法可有效地达到垃圾减量化、无害化、资源化的目的,在大城市中有广泛的应用前景,但也因此带来了新的二次污染问题,其中就包括焚烧厂的贮仓渗滤液。它的水质特性不同于填埋场渗滤液,且具有可生化性高、有机物浓度高、毒性大、难处理等特点,在经过生化处理后仍有难降解的有机物残留,难以使之达标排放。目前国内外在垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液处理方面的研究很少,为解决这个新的污染问题,课题以重庆同兴垃圾焚烧发电厂的垃圾渗滤液生化处理后出水为研究对象,采用生物炭深度处理工艺对其进行深度处理。围绕垃圾渗滤液生化出水水质特征采用生物炭技术,重点研究了①O3-生物炭池臭氧氧化过程;②生物炭池工程菌的筛选、培养和固定化;③采用三种生物炭工艺（自然挂膜BAC1,固定工程菌BAC2和O3-固定工程菌BAC3）对比实验研究适用于垃圾渗滤液生化处理出水深度处理的生物炭处理技术,结果表明:臭氧化的功效并不在于改变有机物总量,而在于改变有机物性质,提高有机物生化降解性。臭氧化前后,当臭氧投加量为10mg/L时,UV₂₅₄的去除率为29.03%,色度的去除率为48%,原水中的UV₂₅₄/TOC比值为0.0264,臭氧化后为0.015,降低了48.31%。按照UV₂₅₄/TOC比值小于0.02的水适宜生化降解这个标准,表明臭氧化能提高水质的可生化性。因此臭氧投加量在2mg/L左右,氧化10min是合理的。采用生物工程技术,从同兴垃圾焚烧发电厂现有生化处理系统曝气池的活性污泥中筛选出3株高效工程菌Y5、Y8、Y10。经过16SrDNA鉴定表明,这三株工程菌分别为海杆菌属、埃希式菌属和不动杆菌属,尽管形态不一样,但均有很强有降解渗滤液二级生化出水中有机物的能力,对TOC的去除率分别为49.1%、61.3%、52.4%。对3株高效工程菌进行扩大培养,经过载体的选择,采用物理循环吸附法制备了可用于工程应用的人工固定化生物炭。稳定运行期间,分别在15mL/min, 25mL/min, 35mL/min和45mL/min的设计流量下,分别考察流量对BAC法去除水中UV₂₅₄所表征的难降解有机物的影响,根据试验监测数据,综合考虑效率,经济等方面的因素,认为25mL/min的流量比较适合本试验水质和工艺。进水流量为25mL/min时,三种工艺中炭层在70cm以后,对UV₂₅₄去除率较低10%以下。四种流量下,O3-BAC和BAC2工艺出水TOC分别比BAC1低15%和10%左右。进水TOC在110mg/L,进水流量在15～25mL/min之间时,O3-BAC工艺绝大部分时间出水TOC可以稳定在60mg/L以下。从TOC指标考虑,采用O3-BAC工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液生化出水可以达到《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》（GB18485-2001）的二级排放标准（COD<300mg/L,即TOC<60 mg/L）。生物量和生物活性沿水流方向逐渐减小。经过连续运行和监测,得出BAC柱采用间歇式气水联合反冲洗,试验运行参数为水强度2³ L/（s.m²）,气强度为6 L/（s.m²）,间隙1min,反冲历时20min。,反冲洗后,BAC柱需要一天左右的恢复期。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, power generation by incinerating municipal solid wastes （MSW） is one of the ways in disposing wastes in metropolis, which shows a great advantage in pollutant minimization, resource ruse and detoxification of MSW and so on. However, this way in disposing MSW leads to the secondary pollution problem including leachate from MSW dumpsite, the character of which is different from that from landfill in high organic contents, toxicity and biodegradability. What is worse, there still remains much refractory contaminant in the leachate after the biochemical treatment resulting in failing to meet the discharge standard. This paper is a tentative study on the character of Leachate wastewater effluent after biological treatment with biological activated carbon technology. The main focuses are on①the ozone oxidation procedure in biological activated carbon pool;②the procedure of selecting, cultivating and immobilizing the engineering bacteria in biological activated carbon pool;③the biological activated carbon technology which is suitable to be applied to treat the Leachate wastewater effluent after a comparative experiment study on three biological activated carbon technology （natural bio-film of BAC1, fixation of engineering bacteria of BAC2, and fixation of engineering bacteria of o3-BAC3）.Ozonization is not to change the amount of the organics, but to change its character and improve its biochemical degradation. The removal rate of UV₂₅₄ and the chroma is 29.03% and 48% respectively when ozone is used with the amount of 10mg/L. The UV₂₅₄/TOC is 0.0264 in the original water, and it changes to be 0.015 with the reducing rate of 48.31%. According to the standard that the water with UV₂₅₄/TOC , smaller than 0.02 is qualified to be dagradated. It shows that Ozonization helps to improve the biodegradability of the water. It is plausible to input the amount of ozone of 2mg/L with the time of 10min.The author makes use of the biotechnology to select three high effective engineering bacteria from activated sludge in biochemical treatment system aeration pool in Tong Xiong power generation plant of MSW incineration. These three high effective engineering bacteria are identified as sea bacillus, eegje bacteria and acinetobacter after 16SrDNA identification with different forms but high capacity in degrading organics in secondary leachate .Three high effective engineering bacteria goes through the process of microbial species expanding culture, and on the other hand, artificial immobilized biochemical activated carbon is created by physical circle absorption method.During the stable procedure, the author tries the flow rate of 15mL/min, 25mL/min, 35mL/min and 45mL/min to see the influence of flow rate on the method of BAC’s degradation of organics. The monitoring data in experiment concludes that the flow rate, 25mL/min is the best choice for present study, allowing for the factors of efficiency and economy. When input amount of water is 25mL/min, the thickness of carbon layer is bigger than 70cm and the removal rate of UV₂₅₄ is lower than10% in the three processes. The TOC with the method of O3-BAC is 15% lower than that with the method of BAC1 and 10% lower than that with the method of BAC2. When the input TOC is 110mg/L, and the input flow rate is 15～25mL/min, the output TOC amounts to 60mg/L in a stable way. Taking TOC index into consideration, the measurement of O3-BAC in disposing leachate lives up to the secondary discharge standard （COD<300mg/L,that is, TOC<60 mg/L） in Standard of Controlling MSW Incineration Pollution （GB18485-2001）. The biomass and biological activity decrease along the direction of water flow. With a consistent treatment and monitor, the author finds that BAC works by intermittent gas and water combined reverse washing, and the water consumption intensity is 2³ L/（s.m2）, gas consumption intensity is 6 L/（s.m2）, interval time is 1min, and the time of reverse washing is 20min. BAC needs one day for recovery after reverse washing.更多还原