【作者】 温晓勇；

【导师】 郭新成； 何军；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 测绘工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着航空、航天技术和计算机数字图像处理技术的发展,摄影测量设备成本大幅度降低,数字摄影测量已经成为大规模、大区域测量的主要手段,经过相关数据处理之后能够提供丰富的地理空间信息资料。目前,该技术已被广泛地应用于国民经济的各个行业,在国民经济的建设发展中发挥着重要作用。随着“数字油田”在石油行业中兴起,数字摄影测量技术的研究应用在石油天然气行业中也备受关注。然而目前,数字摄影测量技术只是在一些大型重点工程中得到了应用,就应用方式而言,也还只是替代传统测量手段的简单应用,其丰富的三维地理信息和影像信息没有得到充分利用,其多元的数字产品只是简单的替代了传统的测量图纸,数字摄影测量技术潜力也没有很好地发掘,没有形成一套完整的技术体系。为此,本文针对石油行业的勘察设计特点和需要,研究以数字摄影测量技术为主体的野外勘察、内业成图和设计一体化的集成技术,以解决了石油行业地面建设勘察设计中亟待解决的相关关键技术,为形成了适合石油行业勘察设计的技术方法提供支持。在管线勘察设计中,以航空和卫星遥感影像数据为基础,以三维漫游技术进行线路初选和优化更为直观,能够提高选线的质量和选线效率。通过数字影像解译,可以获取沿线相关地质条件的初步信息,如区域地质、断裂带、水文地质、岩性分布及不良地质条件等,大大减少了野外工作量。在提高线路GPS控制网精度的方面,研究了适合于线路工程GPS高程拟合的方法—拉格朗日插值拟合方法及GPS技术在像控测量中的应用。以野外数字化采集、航空摄影与遥感为主要的勘察测量数据采集为基础,研究了设计石油天然气管道线路勘察设计一体化的数据生产软件体系。实现了地理空间数据中管线空间信息的自动提取,能够大规模快速地向线路设计系统提供三维地形基础信息数据。实现了线路中线成果、断面数据的自动提取,在数字产品上自动标记转角和桩号。施工图图面采用正射影像平面图、数字高程模型、数字线划图与纵断面图分层叠加,图面信息丰富直观,设计人员可以同步进行纵断面和平面设计,更加方便施工和管理。利用的3S技术,生产出的4D产品具有现实性强,信息量丰富,成果多样性等特点,可以制作和生成多用途的数字化勘察测绘资料和产品,也为数字管道奠定坚实的空间数据基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the evelopment of digital image processing techniques, the cost of photogrammetry equipment has been declined, the digital photogrammetry has been the main means for large scale and area surveying, and it can provide abundant geography information. Now this technology has been widely used in the every industry of national economic, playing a very important effect.With the concept of "digital oil field" has been put forward, the research and application of digital photogrammetry attracted much more attentions in the petroleum and natural gas industry. However the technology was used just in the very important project., and it is just the simple substitute of the traditional survey method. Its abundant three-dimensional geography and image information wasn’t fully used, Its abundant digital products were the simple substitute of the traditional surveying maps. Digital photogrammetry technical potential wasn’t well used, and didn’t form a suit of integrated technical system.So, this paper has conformed a series of integrated technology about field-reconnaissance, office operation and the design on the basis of the characteristic and needs of the petroleum industry,to resolve related key techniques about reconnaissance and design of ground construction in the petroleum industry, Supported on conforming technical methods suitable for the reconnaissance and design of the petroleum industry. It makes the digitization gathering in field,the digital photogrammetry and the remote sensing as main foundation of reconnaissance metrical data gathering, has studied data production software system to the reconnaissance designing integration of petroleum gas pipeline.At the process of pipeline reconnaissance and design, being based on the remote sensing images, we can optimize the pipeline route through three-dimensional roaming technology, also we can advance the work efficiency and quality. Through the image interpreting, we can get the geologic information nearby of the pipeline. For example, regional geology, rupture zone, hydro-geology, lithology distribution. It can reduce the amount of work to preliminary geotechnical investigation in field. In advancing precision about route GPS control network, we explored the GPS elevation fitting mothod suitable for route engineering that called the fitting method .of lagrange interpolation. The automatic collection of the pipeline spatial information in geography data has come true, from this we can quickly supply geography information data for route design system. We can automatically extract the vertical section data and midline products, then automark the corner and stake number of the pipeline. We use the digital orthophoto map, digital elevation model, digital line graphic and vertical section graphic to make up of the shop drawing, so the drawing information will be abundant and intuitionistic, then it can make the design work much easy and convenient for construction and management.更多还原