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压裂液用非氟碳助排剂研究
The Research on Non-fluorocarbon Cleanup Additive of Fracturing Fluid
【作者】 王宏彪；
【导师】 曹晓春；
【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 油气井工程， 2009， 硕士
【摘要】 压裂液助排剂由表面活性剂组成,含氟表面活性剂有良好的抗温及降低表面张力的性能,但它的使用成本较高且对环境有一定的污染,故碳氢系表面活性剂复配助排剂仍有应用前景。通过对助排剂的助排机理及助排剂的使用特点的探讨,围绕助排剂的表面张力,油水界面张力,对石英砂的润湿角以及助排剂与压裂液的配伍性进行了实验与分析。运用阴/阳离子表面活性剂复配理论,优选表面活性剂,用AES作为增溶剂,增大阴/阳离子表面活性剂络合物的互溶能力,使复配后有优异的表面活性。最后优选出表面张力和界面张力较低的两个助排剂配方:助排剂A:12%(ABS+LP)+8%AES+25%溶剂+55%水,助排剂B:14%(K-12+OS)+6%AES+25%溶剂+55%水。助排剂A的1‰水溶液表面张力为26.4 mN/m,与煤油界面张力为1.2 mN/m;助排剂B的1‰水溶液的表面张力为25.0 mN/m,与煤油界面张力为1.3 mN/m。助排剂B虽然降低表面张力的能力较强,但原油与破胶液乳化倾向严重,破乳率低,助排效果不好。助排剂A加量为0.5‰时,原油与破胶液的乳化倾向小,恒温60℃、4 h破乳率为99%;加助排剂A的破胶液的表面张力小于28 mN/m,与煤油的界面张力小于2 mN/m,最后测定助排率为90.1%,与含氟助排剂F的助排率相当。
【Abstract】 The cleanup additives of fracturing fluid are often made of surfactants.Though the fluorine-containing surfactants have the performance of anti-temperature and low surface tension,they are usually costly and contaminative.Therefore,the surfactants with hydrocarbon chains still have the prospect of application.The mechanism and characteristic of the cleanup additives were discussed.The surface tensions,the oil-water interfacial tensions of the cleanup additives were measured.The contact angles on the surface of the sands and the compatibility of the cleanup additives and the fracturing fluids were also tested.According to the mixturing theory of the anionic/cationic surfactants,the surfactants were optimized.AES as solubilizer could increase the solubility of anionic/cationic surfactant complexes and surfacial activity of the mixtures.Then,two formulas of the cleanup additives were chosen.A:12%(ABS+LP)+8%AES+25%solvent+55%waterB:14%(K-12+OS)+6%AES+25%solvent+55%waterThe surface tension of A with 1‰aqueous solution is 26.4 mN/m and the interfacial tension with kerosene is 1.2 mN/m.And the surface tension of B with 1‰aqueous solution is 26.4 mN/m and the interfacial tension with kerosene is 25.0 mN/m,and the interracial tension with kerosene is 1.3 mN/m.Though its capability of lowering the surface tension is very strong,B could result in serious emusication between the crude oil and gel-breaking fluid,which leads to less efficiency of emulsion-breaking and of cleaning up.A with the dosage of 0.5‰,the liability of the emulsification is less.The demulsification rate is 99%after 4h at the temperature of 60℃.The surface tension of the gel-breaking fluid containing A is below 28 mN/m.Finally,the cleanup rate of 90.1%is obtained,which is about the result of the fluorine-containing cleanup additive F.