【作者】 刘建霞；

【导师】 侯中喜；

【作者基本信息】 国防科学技术大学 ， 力学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 高超声速滑翔式飞行器具有飞行速度快、突防能力强、打击精度高等特点,已经成为世界航空航天领域的研究热点。高超声速滑翔式飞行器气动加热性能的准确预估是指导热防护系统设计的基础,是决定高超声速滑翔式飞行器能否走入工程实际应用的关键技术之一。气动外形和飞行弹道是造成高超声速飞行器复杂气动加热问题的主要决定因素。本文首先对高超声速滑翔式飞行器的气动外形和飞行弹道进行了研究。结合弹道需求分析了气动布局的选型依据,研究了锥导乘波构型的设计方法及其气动力性能计算的工程估算方法和数值模拟方法,详细介绍了跳跃滑翔弹道的特点,建立了高超声速滑翔式飞行器的三自由度运动方程,设计了高超声速滑翔式飞行器的典型外形,考察了钝化边缘对其气动力的影响,基于其气动数据形成了典型跳跃滑翔弹道。结合高超声速滑翔式飞行器的气动外形和飞行弹道特征开展了气动加热问题的相关物理问题研究,建立了高超声速滑翔式飞行器稀薄气体流动分区、高温效应、表面流动状态及表面温度求解等问题的分析方法,基于高超声速滑翔式飞行器的典型外形和弹道数据,分析了其气动热分析模型的特点。基于气动热物理模型的特点,本文对高超声速滑翔式飞行器气动热问题的工程估算方法和数值模拟方法进行了研究。在瞬时辐射平衡假设下,分析了钝化边缘对飞行器气动加热的影响;基于较为合理的钝化半径,分析了驻点热流密度和辐射平衡温度随弹道的变化规律;采用工程估算方法考察了不同受热程度下飞行器前缘和表面的温度分布情况;采用数值模拟方法对驻点及上下表面的气动加热受钝化半径、空气化学反应、表面流动状态等的影响程度进行了分析;最后将数值模拟结果与工程估算结果进行了对比。本文工作对于新型高超声速滑翔式飞行器气动热问题的研究具有一定的参考意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hypersonic-Glide Vehicle (HGV) has been a hot topic in the aerospace area because of its high speed, good break-defense capability, and well-known attack performance. How to forecast the characteristics of HGV’s aerodynamic heating currectly is the basic for the design of the vehicle’s thermal protection system (TPS). It is one of the key technologyies to put HGV into practice.The pneumatic configuration and the trajectory are the most important factors for the complex aerodynamics heating problem of HGV. So this thesis pays more attention to the pneumatic configuration and the trajectory style of HGV, firstly. We explain why the vehicle should take waverider as its basic congfiation considering the need of trajectory. And then, A lot of reasearch have been done to the design method of waverider configuration and its aerodynamic performance.After a detailed introduction of the slip-glide trajectory, the three-axis motion equation of HGV is built. We design a typical configuration of HGV and analysis the influence what the passivation will have for the vehicle’s aerodynamic. Based on its aerodynamic data, a typical slip-glide trajectory is investigated.Taking the pneumatic configuration and the trajectory of HGV into account, this thesis builds a basal model for the vehicle’s aerodynamic heating problem. The methods of how to analysis HGV’s rarefied effect, high-temperature effect, the flow state and temperature on the surface have been gotten reasonably. Based on the data of the typical waverider configuration and skip-glide trajectory, an analysis model for HGV has been built primarily.According to the analysis model, this thesis establishes estimation and numerical simulation method for HGV’s aerodynamic heating. With the assumption of instantaneous radiation equilibrium, the influence what the passivation will have to the vehicle’s aerodynamic heating, the heat flux and temperature distribution of the stagnation point vary with time have been well studied either. The temperature distributions of the leading eadges and surface in different surroundings have been investigated by the estimating method. Using numerical simulation, how the high-temperature effect and the flow state would influent the aerodynamic heating on the stagnation point, the upper and lower surface has been well analysised. The results obtained by differert methods are compared in the end.This thesis may have some referenced significance on the late-model HGV’s aerodynamic heating .更多还原