【作者】 吴晓峰；

【导师】 陈红；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 我国正处在公路交通高速发展,而交通事故发生频繁、程度严重的历史阶段。在交通安全问题已经得到高度重视,通过对交通系统各个要素进行改善来提高交通安全水平、预防交通事故的发生已经成为共识的前提下,如何科学、有效、全面地使公路交通系统具有更高的安全性能就成为亟待解决和需要不断完善的问题。我国现行的《公路路线设计规范》是以汽车行驶理论为依据的,虽然某些部分也考虑了人的因素,但那是附属的,零星的,许多是定性的,没有充分体现以人的心理、生理需求为主体的原则,影响驾驶员作出正确的行驶预测和决策。在行车过程中,驾驶员从外界不断获取信息,然后对这些信息进行处理,作出决策,并采取安全的驾驶行为。复杂的道路环境将会给驾驶员提供更多的信息量,然而人的信息处理能力具有上限,因此复杂的道路环境将加重驾驶员工作负荷。本论文以人类工效学相关理论为基础,通过分析驾驶员的信息处理和工作负荷,强调速度、线形曲率影响驾驶员工作负荷的两个重要因素,推导出速度、线形曲率与驾驶员工作负荷的数学关系式,并用三维图形描述了三者之间的关系。然后通过注意需求分析,选择合适的负荷测量方法和实验路段进行实验测试,结果显示注意需求（工作负荷）与运行速度差ΔV₈₅存在密切的关系。最后结合线形一致性分析中的运行速度差评价标准,继而得出通过评估注意需求（驾驶员工作负荷）进行公路线形安全性评价的标准。从理论上提出了一套基于驾驶员工作负荷的公路线形安全性评价标准,对现行的《公路项目安全性评价指南》具有一定的补充作用。另外,可以为检查事故黑点提供新的科学依据,优化公路设计,保障行车安全。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our country is be placed in the history stage which high speed development of the high transportation, but traffic accident occur multifarious and severe degree. Have already got a high value in the traffic safety problem, pass to carry on the improvement to raise traffic safety level and prevent from the occurrence of traffic accident have already under the premise of consensus become to each main factor of the transportation system, the problem which how scientific, valid, completely make the highway transportation system have higher safe function to become treat to resolve urgently and need a continuously perfect.The current "highway route design norm" is based on the car drive theories, although some parts also considered the human factor, that is subsidiary, fragmentary, and many of that is qualitative, there is no full embodiment with human of mental, physiological need for the principles of main body, influence on the driver to make correctly drive estimate and policy. In the process of driving car, the driver obtains information continuously from the outside environment, and carries on information processing to make a decision and adopt safety drive behavior. The complicated road environment will provide more amount of information for driver, however the human information processing ability have an upper limit, so the complicated road environment will aggravate the driver workload.This thesis is based on the related theories of human work efficiency knowledge, by means of analyze of driver information processing and driver workload, emphasize speed and curvature is the important factors which influence on the driver workload, elicit the mathematic equation which relate speed and curvature to driver workload, and using 3D sketch described the relation of the threes. Then analyzed the attention demand, choosed appropriate workload measure method and test road, the result show that the relationship of attention demand（workload） and operating speedΔV₈₅ is consanguineous, and combine the evaluation criterion ofΔV₈₅ to put forward a set of criterion of highway geometric safety evaluation based on driver workload, and have a certain complement to the current "highway item safety evaluation guidebook". Moreover, it can provide a new scientific basis for checking accident black spot, optimize highway design, guarantee travelling safety.更多还原