移动式起重机姿态安全传感器的设计与实现

【作者】 顾中林；

【导师】 杜国平；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 移动式起重机广泛应用于各领域工程建设,其姿态安全一直受到重视,一旦发生倾覆事故将造成极大的损失。影响起重机姿态安全的因素分为人为操作和作业条件两方面,在作业条件中,坡度和风力是需要着重关注的两个环境因素,因此,测量倾角和风速对于起重机的姿态安全非常必要。本文以此为背景,设计了一种集倾角和风速测量于一体的智能传感器,通过测量轴向加速度计算倾斜角度,采用超声波传播时差法测量风速,并通过CAN总线将数据上传至机载主控制器。该传感器为起重机感知环境状况并判断作业条件优劣提供依据信息,对维护起重机的安全起到重要作用。本文在分析了设计需求的基础上,提出传感器的整体设计方案,并进行软硬件设计与调试。传感器硬件以ARM7微控制器LPC2119为核心,外接微加速度传感器ADXL213、超声波收发电路和温度传感器,并设计了CAN总线和RS-232通信接口。传感器软件分为倾角测算、风速测算、温度采集、高低温实验、数据传输和接收数据处理等几个功能模块,按照分层分模块的思想进行设计。传感器倾角部分的功能较为完备,精度达到设计要求,且具有较高的稳定性,主持设计的单倾角传感器已批量生产,标配于某工程机械公司的各型起重机。风速部分实现了既定原理,其功能得到了验证,有待进一步测试和标定。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mobile crane is widely used in engineering constructions of many fields. The overturn accident will cause great lost, so the safety attitude of crane is emphasized. Manual operation and working conditions are the aspects that influence the safety attitude. The slope and wind force in working conditions are two environmental aspects that needed to be concerned. Thus, the measurement of tilt angle and wind speed is important to crane’s attitude safety.Based on the above, an intelligent sensor is designed which combines tilt angle and wind speed measuring. The tilt angle is calculated from axial acceleration and wind speed is measured by ultrasonic travel time difference method. Data is uploaded to main controller in crane by CAN bus. The information provided by the sensor can be used in environment detection and working condition judgment, which is important to keep crane safe.Based on the analysis of the requirement, the overall design plan is presented. The design and testment of software and hardware are also performed. The core of sensor is ARM7 MCU LPC2119, with acceleration sensor ADXL213, ultrasonic transient unit and temperature sensor as peripheral hardware. CAN bus and RS-232 port are also designed. Software is designed by modules, including tilt angle calculation, wind speed calculation, temperature sampling, high-low temperature testing, data transportation and receiving.The tilt angle module of sensor is mature and precision meets the design requirement with high stability. The designed angle tilt sensors have been under mass production and are used in some cranes. The wind speed module meets the theory and the function is verified, which needs further testing and calibration.更多还原