缺陷产品召回法律制度研究

【作者】 许暘；

【导师】 徐中起；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 经济法， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 缺陷产品召回制度在当今世界各国特别是发达国家已经普遍建立和实施,实践证明,召回制度对于提高生产者和销售者的质量意识、诚信意识,促进企业主动加大技术和安全环保领域的投入,规范市场经济秩序等方面都具有不可替代的重要作用。其是针对已经流入市场的缺陷产品而建立的。所谓缺陷产品,是指因产品设计上的失误或生产线某环节上出现的错误而产生的,大批量危及消费者人身、财产安全或危害环境的产品。由于缺陷产品往往具有批量性的特点,因此当这些产品投放到市场后,如不加以干预,其潜在的危害是巨大的,有可能对不特定的消费者的生命、财产安全或环境造成损害。如果不及时采取措施,就会延误迅速在社会上消除隐患的时机,使损害进一步扩大。我国缺陷产品召回立法起步较晚,直至2004年3月5日方才颁布《中华人民共和国缺陷汽车产品召回管理规定》,从2004年10月1日起开始实施。虽然我国对于缺陷产品召回制度已经在一定范围进行探索和实践,但迄今为止,尚未建立起完善的召回法律体系,召回制度的缺位已经成为消费者权益保护和企业竞争力增强的法制障碍。为此借鉴发达国家的实践经验,结合具体国情,确立和完善我国的产品召回制度已成为当务之急。本文在对发达国家缺陷产品召回制度先进经验进行考察的基础上,分析了我国缺陷产品召回制度的立法现状以及存在的主要问题,提出了关于构建和完善我国缺陷产品召回制度的立法建议。全文除前言和结语外,共分四章进行论述。第一章论述缺陷产品召回制度所涉及的基本概念。通过探究召回的由来、产品和召回的定义、产品召回的分类和特征,以及和相关制度的辨析,从而对产品召回制度所涉及的基本概念及制度本身有基本的了解。并从消费者、企业、市场等角度,阐述建立完善缺陷产品召回制度的重要意义。第二章阐述发达国家缺陷产品召回制度。通过分析不同国家的产品召回制度,为完善我国的产品召回制度提供经验借鉴。产品召回制度起源于美国,且该制度在美国发展最为成熟,世界其他国家也多是参照美国产品召回制度而建立,故本章重点介绍美国的召回制度,兼述法国、日本制度概况并总结国外产品召回制度对我国的借鉴意义。第三章阐述我国缺陷产品召回法律制度的现状,对我国现行缺陷产品召回制度存在的问题进行剖析,存在的主要问题是:立法层次较低,缺乏系统的产品召回立法,管理部门分工不明确,产品召回标准不明确,法律处罚力度轻及对产品召回制度观念落后。最后论述完善缺陷产品召回制度立法的必要性。第四章对完善我国的缺陷产品召回法律制度提出了一系列具体的对策建议。主要是从三个方面论述:首先完善修改现有相关的法律法规,如《产品质量法》、《消费者权益保护法》等;其次对制订我国《缺陷产品召回法》提出建议。主要包括立法体例、立法原则、主管部门、召回程序、召回时效等方面。最后就建立缺陷产品召回制度相关配套机制提出建议,包括建立产品信息收集制度,完善质量认证制度、标准化立法,取消产品免检制度,发展产品召回保险等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Defective products recall system has been widely established in the world today, especially in developed countries. Practice proves that it plays an irreplaceable role in raising both producers and sellers’ consciousness of quality an honesty, encouraging companies to increase their investment in technology, security and environment, as well as in regulating the order of market-oriented economy. Defective Product Recall System is one kind of safety protection systems for social life, which aims at the products that have already entered into the market.Product defect necessitating a recall refers to a common defect in the design or production that occurs in a certain batch, model or category, posing potential hazard to the users. There are generally two types of defective products, those with defective designs and those that are manufactured improperly. Defective products are most harmful. They are not safe, not environmentally friendly. When they enter into the market, and the concerned authority do not take effective measures to handle it properly, we shall suffer the consequences, such as death, the loss of property and pollution. The manufacturer, and others involved in the chain of commerce involving the products that caused the injury, are often liable for injuries defective products cause.But not until March 5, 2004, China issued "The Recall Management Regulation on the Defective Automobile Products", which has begun to implement from October 1, 2004.China has been in WTO for 7 years and the absence of such a system has become the legislative obstacle in protection of consumers’ rights and enhancement of companies’ competitiveness. To this end, it has become China’s urgency to establish and improve the defective products recall system, in reference to experience of developed countries and national conditions of China.Based on the regards of the experiences in developed countries, the author analyzes the current legislative status and problems in the Defective Product Recall System in our country and proposes some suggestions to make the recall system perfect in this dissertation. In addition to the preface and the epilogue parts, this dissertation is divided into four chapters.Chapter one, this paper focuses on the basic concept of defective product recall system. We have explored the origin, products, definition, and classification, characteristic of the product recall and the comparison and discrimination to the related system. Thereby, the basic concept of product recall system is preliminarily understood. Meanwhile, the important significance of building up and improving defective product recall system is expounded from the standpoint of consumer, enterprise and market etc.Chapter two, the defective products recall system of developed nation is expounded. Through the analysis of defective product recall system of different nation, the references are provided for our nation. The defective product recall system originates in the United States, which is fully developed in USA and is referred by other countries, thus the system design of USA is emphasized in this paper. Finally the French and Japanese general situation and the significant reference of foreign product recall systems to our country are summarized in this paper.Chapter three, focuses on analysis of the current situation of defective product recall legal system in china. Then the problems of defective product recall system are studied, which are low legislative level, lack of systemic product recall legislation, indefinite division of labor in administrative authority and the standard of product recall, light penalties for violation of laws and the backward idea product recall system. It finally discusses the necessity of legislation for defective product recall system.Chapter four, make countermeasures and suggestions for the legal system of defective product recall in china. This paper mainly discusses from three aspects. First, revise and improve the current related laws and regulations, such as "product quality law", "rights and interests of consumer" etc. Second, make recommendations to formulate "defective product recall law", mainly includes legal system, legal doctrine, competent authorities, recall subject of duty, recall procedure, recall aging etc. Finally, the paper gives some proposals to establish combined mechanism of defective product recall system, includes building up a efficient system for product information, improving Q.C. system, standardizing legislation, abolishing inspection exempt system, and developing insurance of product recall etc.更多还原