【作者】 陈小慧；

【导师】 李中；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 恩格斯作为马克思主义哲学的创立者之一,对马克思主义哲学的创立、发展和完善做出了巨大贡献。但是,国内外一些学者对此还有一些不同的见解。本文首先梳理了对于恩格斯与马克思主义哲学关系的三种主要的看法,然后进一步说明了恩格斯是马克思主义哲学的创立者之一。在唯物主义历史观的创立中,恩格斯与马克思一道,通过《神圣家族》和《德意志意识形态》,不仅批判了青年黑格尔派的唯心史观,而且批判了费尔巴哈的直观的唯物主义和历史观上的唯心主义,初步阐明了马克思主义哲学唯物史观的基本原理。在《共产党宣言》中,恩格斯和马克思通过对资本主义的实证分析,阐明了资本主义必然灭亡的客观规律,体现了唯物史观的实践价值。恩格斯是辩证唯物主义的主要创立者,他总结了当时自然科学的主要成果,揭示了自然界辩证发展的规律,同时对辩证唯物主义的主要内容作了经典阐述。在恩格斯的晚年,他研究了古代社会的发展,揭示了私有制、阶级和国家的起源和实质,扩展和深化了马克思主义的唯物史观。在《路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》中,恩格斯提出了哲学的基本问题,论述了马克思主义哲学和德国古典哲学的关系,阐述了唯物史观的基本原理。面对一些资产阶级学者对马克思主义哲学的误解和歪曲,恩格斯的晚年书信对社会发展的辩证规律作了全面细致的阐发,论述了经济基础和上层建筑的辩证关系,深入探讨了意识形态的相对独立性,并且提出了历史“合力论”的思想。在最后一章,本文提出了两位创始人哲学思想上的差异,但是明确指出他们在主要内容和根本立场上是一致的,提出要正确理解恩格斯与马克思主义哲学的关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the founders of the Marxist philosophy, Engels made great contributions to development and improvement of Marxist philosophy. However, some scholars at home and abroad have some different views. In this paper, for the first , I carding three main views of the relationship between Engels and Marxist philosophy , and then describe Engels is one of the founders of the philosophy of Marxism. In the creation of materialist view of history, Engels and Marx, through the "sacred family" and "German Ideology" , they not only criticized young Hegelians of the historical idealism, but also criticized the materialism of Feuerbach’s intuitive and the idealist conception of history, Expounded the initial basic principles of historical materialism of Marxist philosophy. In the "Communist Manifesto" , Marx and Engels, through empirical analysis of capitalism, discussed the inevitable demise of capitalism, set out the objective laws of historical materialism and reflects the value of the practice. Engels was the main founder of dialectical materialism, he summed up the main results of the natural sciences at that time, revealed the nature of the laws of dialectical development, while expounded the main contents of dialectical materialism on the classic. In his later years of Engels, he studied the development of ancient society, revealing the origin and essence of the private ownership, class and nation, expanded and deepped the historical materialism of Marxism. In "Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy, " Engels put forward the fundamental question of philosophy, discussed the relationship between the Marxist philosophy and the German classical philosophy, expounded the basic principles of historical materialism. Faced the misunderstanding and distortion of Marxist philosophy by some bourgeois scholars , Engels expounded social development of the dialectical law of the elucidation of a comprehensive and detailed in the later years correspondence, and the dialectical relationship between economic base and superstructure, and the relative independence of the ideology, and made a history "together on the" thinking. In the final chapter, I pointed the differences of philosophical thinking between Marx and Engels , but then clearly pointed out that the main elements and fundamental positions are consistent, we need to understand the relationship between Engels and Marxist philosophy correctly.更多还原