排放交易法律模式的探讨

【作者】 黄颖深；

【导师】 段匡；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 为了解决日益严重的环境问题,以科斯定理和产权理论等经济学研究成果为基础,各国开发并实施了一系列针对物质排放的交易,并且逐渐从传统的以二氧化硫和化学需氧量为代表的污染物排放交易发展至更大规模的国际性温室气体排放交易。本文将以排放交易法律制度的立法目的研究为出发点,对目前以美国、欧盟和联合国为代表的排放交易法律制度进行比较分析,以限额-交易模式为研究重点,探讨不同法律模式设计对立法目的的实现效果,作为中国确立相关制度的参考,并结合中国法律基础、现有实践和中国特点,分析立法与实践中可能出现和需要避免的问题,提出一种以排放交易的特点为基础,以确定制度目的为前提的,通过立法实现环境保护与经济效率双重目标的法律模式。本文共分四个章节。第一章对排放交易的产生以及现状做了简要概述,并介绍了排放交易的经济学基础;第二章针对排放交易制度的基础法律问题,进行了法理学分析,提出排放交易制度立法上的双重目的性,并对催生排放交易制度的污染者负担原则与排污费征收制度,以及构建排放交易基础的总量控制原则与排污许可证制度分别进行了介绍;第三章以美国、欧洲和国际上现行的排放交易制度为例,以立法双重目的为结构进行分析比较;第四章结合目前中国在排放交易立法上的实践进行有针对性的分析与评价,并且提出具体的立法模式建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to control the serious environmental problems, based on the research of the Coase theorem and the theory on property right, many countries have conduct a new exchange of emissions and such exchange has not only covered traditional domestic emissions of SO₂ and COD, but also extended to the global Greenhouse Gas emissions.This paper will start from the legislative purposes of the emissions trading system, take the experiences of the United States, the European Union and the United Nations as the representatives, carry out a comparative analysis of the legal systems to explore the different legal models designed to achieve the purpose of emissions trading, and take the result as an reference to the establishment of related systems in China. Combined with existing Chinese legal basis and practice, this paper will also analyze the legal and practical problems which may be met and need to be avoided, and finally bring forward a legal model for the emissions trading system in China. In this legal model, the system shall be based on the features and legislative purposes of emissions trading, and achieve environmental protection and economic efficiency as dual objectives by enactment of laws.This thesis is composed of four chapters. The first chapter is the brief overview of emissions trading, including its emergence and the status quo, and then I describe the economics basis for emissions trading. In chapter two, for the legal issues of the emissions trading system, I analyze the jurisprudence issues of the emissions trading system and find the dual purpose on legislation of the system. I also give a brief introduction of the polluters pay principle and pollution discharge fee levy system, as well as the total control principle and emission permit system - the basic legal system of emissions trading. Chapter three uses the experiences on emissions trading systems of United States, Europe and international emissions trading system as examples, analyze and compare their purposes of legislation and legal models. By analyze and evaluate current legislation practice in China, the fourth chapter proposes specific legal model of emissions trading system to China.更多还原