【作者】 王小波；

【导师】 王勇；

【作者基本信息】 煤炭科学研究总院 ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 井下地震勘探是查明井下灾害地质构造的一种有效方法。地震检波器是地震勘探装备的重要组成部分,检波器性能优劣直接影响地震勘探的质量。全空间波场的矿井地震勘探需要三分量、大动态、高速、高精度的检波器,传统检波器难以达到要求。开发基于MEMS加速度传感器和无线传感网络的三分量数字地震检波器能有效提高在煤矿井下勘探的作业效率和探测精度,定位潜在危险,为采取预防措施和开展应急救援工作快速提供必要地质构造信息。论文分析了国内外地震检波器的发展、技术现状,矿井高分辨地震勘探对检波器技术要求,以及传统检波器的物理特性及已有的数字检波器优缺点。充分考虑矿井地震勘探技术的组合要求,采用高集成度、小封装、低功耗器件。有效整合了三分量MEMS加速度传感器技术、高速∑-△24位模数转换器技术、无线传感网络技术,设计了无线数字检波器。同时,极大限度地集成一体化常规地震数据采集电路,在硬件、软件上采用抗干扰设计,有效消除了传统采集系统中模拟信号传输存在的严重干扰,消除信号畸变,提高了信噪比、相位一致性等性能指标。保证了地震信号拾取的高保真、高信噪比和高分辨率。实现了整个系统微型便携、低功耗,适合在煤矿井下全空间、高分辨地震勘探使用。实验样机进行了综合优化,实验室性能测试和野外试验表明,所设计的检波器样机在三个分量上均具有宽频带、高精度、大动态、高轴间串扰抑制比,能准确采集三轴方向上的振动信号,指标达到多波多分量地震勘探设计要求。本论文研究得到“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目“老矿区深部煤炭资源井下综合勘探技术及装备研究”和煤炭科学研究总院创新基金项目“矿用轻便数字三分量检波器开发”的资助,无线数字检波器技术研究对矿井地震勘探装备在煤炭行业安全生产中进一步推广应用具有重要现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mine seismic exploration is an effective method in identifying underground geological structures. Seismic geophone is a core part of the seismic instruments, which direct influence the seismic exploration results. Therefore, it is very important to develop a three-component, high-dynamic and high-resolution digital geophone, which traditional geophone don’t meet the need. Developing of three-component Digital geophone based on MEMS accelerometers and wireless sensor networks can increase the efficiency and detection accuracy and can detect the potential danger, which quickly provide necessary geological information in preventive measures and emergency rescue.In this dissertation, development and technology status of seismic exploration instruments at home and abroad, detector technology requirement of high resolution mine seismic exploration and physical characteristics of traditional detectors are analyzed. By fully considering combination requirements of mine seismic exploration technologies, by using components with high integration, low power consumption and small packaging, and by effectively integrating three-component MEMS accelerometer technology, high speed and high precision 24-bitΣ-Δanalog-digital converter technology and wireless sensor network technology, wireless digital detector is developed, which simplifies routine seismic data acquisition circuit greatly. For anti-interference design is used in hardware and software, the proposed method could effectively eliminate serious interference in analg signal transmission of traditional acquisition system, and improve some performance indexes such as signal-to-noise ratio, phase coincidence and signal distortion. The proposed method could assure high fidelity, high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution in seismic signal pickoff. The whole system is miniature, portable, and low power consumption, which is suitable for mine underground operation.Integration and optimization are conducted to the laboratory prototype. Laboratory test and field test are conducted, which show that the designed prototype has wide frequency band, high accuracy, large dynamics, between centers crosstalk suppression ratio on three components. It can accurately pick up oscillation signal along different directions, providing foundation for multi-waves multi-component seismic exploration. The indexes meet the design requirement.The paper is supported by "Integrated underground exploration technology and equipment study of deep coal resource in old mines of "the eleventh five-year plan" national S&T support plan project and "Portable digital three-component detector development for mines" of innovation fund project of Coal Science Research Institute Headquarter. Study of wireless digital detector technology is of important operation significance for mine seismic exploration instruments to be popularized in safe production of coal industry.更多还原