【作者】 王奕屏；

【导师】 周志刚； 龙科军；

【作者基本信息】 长沙理工大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 运行车速过高是导致道路交通事故的主要诱因之一,运行车速的形成机理非常复杂。本文拟采用人机工程学原理解析道路运行车速的形成过程,以运行车速为指标,对道路交通安全评价方法开展研究,主要包括:（1）总结国内外关于运行车速建模方法,运行车速应用于交通安全评价等方面的研究成果,分析基于运行车速的山区公路安全研究的理论价值和现实意义。（2）分析运行车速与设计车速和期望车速的关系,并从人机工程学的角度解释运行车速的形成机理。揭示驾驶员心理、车辆特征和道路交通环境以及交通管理等因素对运行车速的影响。（3）选择山区公路典型路段,开展数据采集和分析,分析山区公路运行车速的分布特征,建立了典型路段运行车速预测模型和运行车速差模型。运行车速和速度差模型可作为山区公路限速标准和交通安全评价的依据。（4）通过比较|ΔV₈₅|和|Δ₈₅V|的关系,分析了使用|Δ₈₅V|作为道路交通安全评价指标的适用性。运用模糊安全评价方法,引入隶属度的概念,基于|Δ₈₅V|进行山区公路交通安全评价分析,并提出安全等级的划分标准,通过实例对该方法进行了验证。更多还原

【Abstract】 Too high operating speed is one of mainly inducement of road traffic accidents, and the formation mechanism of the operating speed is so complex. Through analysis of ergonomics theory, the paper has explained the formation mechanism of road operating speed. Furthermore, using the operating speed as the road safety evaluation index, carried out research on the method of road safety evaluation.The mountainous road’s terrible conditions and transportation environment have the enormous influence to the road safety, and the operating speed is the reflection of traffic condition. Firstly, through concluding sufficient research on the achievement of the domestic and external,which is mainly about operating speed modeling and application, provides a theoretical basis for the research on operating speed.Secondly, it has analyzed the operating speed, the design speed and the expectation speed’s relations, and has analyzed the formation mechanism of the operating speed from the angel of the ergonomics theory. It also revealed the driver’s psychology, the vehicle’s characteristic and the road traffic environment as well as the traffic control and so on is the primary factor which affects the formation of the operating speed.Thirdly, the paper has carried out the research on the operating speed distributed characteristic of the typical sections of the mountainous road. The case of research on the operating is selected with great deals of data, which were investigated to analyze the relationship between the alignment elements and operating speed. Prediction models of the operating speed and speed difference which are based on the typical road sections of the mountainous area road are set up by means of regression analysis. The operating speed and the speed difference prediction model may be the basis of the speed control of the mountainous road.Finally, through comparing the relationship of |ΔV₈₅| and |Δ₈₅V| , it has analyzed the applicability of |Δ₈₅V| as the road safety evaluation index. The paper researches on road safety evaluation from the angel of operating speed, through gathering speed of each individual vehicle on cross sections, and using the 85th percentile value of speed differentials of individual drivers on successive sections as evaluation index. The method of highway safety evaluation introduces degree of membership in fuzzy mathematics to establish safety evaluation membership function based on speed differential, then assesses road safety level. Take gathering data of some mountainous highway as example, it has carried on the confirmation to this evaluation method.更多还原