【作者】 吕红梅；

【导师】 安裕伦； 张小平；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 贵州大部分地区属典型的岩溶环境,环境容量小,生态环境脆弱。为了能更好地研究喀斯特地区生态环境,本文以毕节地区的毕节市为典型样区,首次选用CBERS02B和SAR数据的配合,探讨两类型遥感影像在喀斯特山区图像处理上的技术实用性以及土地利用较理想的分类方法。在遥感影像的处理技术上,本研究对SAR和CBERS02B分别采用了斑点噪声压缩、边缘增强、Wallis自适应滤波以及直方图均衡化和去霾处理。在SAR的处理中发现均值滤波和Lee滤波压缩斑点噪声的效果较好,Robinson 3-level模型和Prewitt Gradient模型较大程度地增强了地物的边缘效果,Wallis自适应滤波在不同的窗口大小下对影像的增强效果明显不一样,窗口越大,亮度信息越集中;在对CBERS02B图像的处理上,直方图均衡化较好地增强了影像的总体亮度,经过低频模糊度和高频模糊度处理之后增强了交通用地的纹理信息。而SAR和CBERS02B的融合方法主成份中的直方图匹配法显示了较好的效果,而且还较好地去除了原多光谱的云层信息。利用监督分类对CBERS02B进行土地利用的分类,并在此基础上,辅以雷达单波段的纹理分类,对前后分类精度进行比较;最后对研究区和在不同岩组背景下的土地利用成果数据进行景观格局研究。通过不断地试验及比较,最终得出以下结论:(1)在CBERS02B影像纯光谱分类的基础上,辅以雷达单波段的纹理分类,在一定程度上提高了研究区土地利用的分类精度。(2)在整个研究区中,水域的分维值最大,裸岩石砾地的分维值最小,显示了人类活动对裸岩石砾地的干扰强度较大;整个研究区域显示了相对丰富度和破碎度较低,均匀度较小,异质性较大以及较高的优势度,其中以耕地、林地占主导地位。(3)不论是在喀斯特区域、半喀斯特区域还是非喀斯特区域,均以林地和耕地占主导地位,且园地较其他地类斑块都较破碎;草地、园地和水域在喀斯特较为破碎;人为景观中的耕地和建设用地在半喀斯特最为破碎;自然景观中的林地则在非喀斯特整体性较好。裸岩石砾地在喀斯特的面积百分比远大于其余两类。非喀斯特区域内嵌块体类型的相对丰富度和破碎度较低,其受一种或少数几种景观支配的现象较喀斯特和半喀斯特较明显;而半喀斯特区域内的嵌块体类型分布较均匀,异质性小,优势度小,但破碎度较高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Most parts of Guizhou is the model of the karst environment, the environmental capacity is small and the ecological environment is frangible,In order to study the ecological environment better in the karst area,this article took Bijie city in Bijie area as the typical type area,selecting the CBERS02B and the SAR datas for the first time,discussing the imagery processing technical usability about the two types of remote sensing images in the karst mountainous area as well as the landuse ideal Classifing approaches.On the processing technology of the remote sensing images, this research had used methods of Speckle Suppression,the Edge Enhancement,the Wallis Adaptive Filtering,the Histogram Equalization and the Haze Reduction to the SAR and CBERS02B datas.During the processing to the SAR,it discovered that the Mean filter and the Lee filter reduced the speckle noise better; the Robinson the 3-level model and Prewitt the Gradient model strengthened the edge effect of the images greatly;the Wallis Adaptive Filter enhanced the images in obviously different effect under the different window sizes,when the window was bigger,the luminance information was more centralized.AND during the processing to the CBERS02B,it also discovered that the Histogram Equalization strengthened the brightness of the whole images very well,and after the low frequency ambiguity and high frequency ambiguity processing,the transportation land texture information had been strengthened.The method of the PCI histogram matching had demonstrated the good effect in resoluting merge of the SAR and in the CBERS02B and had also removed the original multi-spectrum cloudy layer information very well.This article performed supervised classification to the CBERS02B,and basing on the supervised classification, plusing the texture classification of the radar single wave band,comparing the precision of the classifications,studied the landscape pattern about the landuse in the area and under the different rocks,finally it drew conclusions as follows:(1),The pure spectrum classified precision of the CBERS02B had been improved to a certain extent after plusing the texture classification of the radar.(2),The fractal dimension value of the water was the biggest,and the bare rock gravel’s was the smallest,which had demonstrated the human activity acted greatly to the bare rock gravel;the entire research region had also demonstrated that the relative rich degree and broken degree were lower, evenest was smaller,complex was bigger as well as higher superiority,with the farmland,the forest land occupying the dominant position.(3),The forest and the farmland had occupied the dominant position whatever in the karst,half-karst and the non-karst region,and the garden landuse was much more broken than others; The lawn,the garden landuse and the waters was much more broken in the karst;The farmland and the construction land of the artificial landscape were much more broken in the half-karst, and the integrity of the natural landscape’s forest was good in the non-karst;The bare rock gravel was too much bigger than other two kinds in the karst area percentage,the non-karst region had demonstrated that the relative rich degree and broken degree were lower,it fell under the one kind or the minority several kind of landscape control’s phenomenon was much more obvious than the karst and half-karst;The half-karst region had demonstrated that the evenest was bigger,complex was smaller as well as lower superiority,with higher broken degree更多还原