【作者】 王倜；

【导师】 苏淑钗；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林培育， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 以甘谷和邢台果园阿月浑子为研究对象,采用人工和自动气象站结合,记录分别调查了其物候期和果园气象因子,以阿月浑子枝条叶面积和枝条长度变化为着眼的,分析了物候期和气象条件的关系;同时测定了阿月浑子枝条有机营养的年动态变化,结合物候期变化分析其中的联系;最后测定了影响阿月浑子花期花粉活力的因素及花粉贮藏条件。结果表明:(1)阿月浑子从萌动到休眠约200d左右,Kerman和Peters物候期较一致,但花期有不一致的现象。气象条件影响阿月浑子物候期,特别是温度条件对其影响剧烈,与原产地相比,我国引种阿月浑子制定栽培措施是尤其注意越冬防寒,同时注意防治高温高湿条件下产生的病害。(2)气象条件对阿月浑子有机营养动念变化也有一定影响,其中以温度条件为主要影响因子,栽培时人为调节气象条件改善其营养代谢。(3)从阿月浑子枝条木质部和韧皮部的有机营养动念变化可以看出,阿月浑子物候关键时期存在有机营养的转运、合成、储藏、利用现象,这为科学合理进行施肥提供了重要参考。(4)适宜的温度对生育期花粉的活力影响很大,以25℃的环境条件最佳,其他条件如硼酸浓度为100mg/L时对阿月浑子花粉营养代谢有利,而浓度过高反而会对花粉产生抑制作用;植物激素在一定浓度下会对阿月浑子花粉萌发生长产生积极作用,超过一定浓度会起反作用;阿月浑子花粉可以长期和短期贮藏,生产实践中多可以采用冰柜冷冻,短期保存,较长时间贮藏应置于超低温冰箱。研究阿月浑子花粉萌发和贮藏可以为生产上进行辅助授粉提供前提条件,以此解决雌雄花花期不遇而带来的授粉受精差的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 We took the Pistachio in the orchards of Gangu and Xingtai as the research object and recorded data by using artificial method and automatic weather station, so we investigated the phenophase of Pistachio and meteorological factors in the two orchards. Then we focused on the changes of leaf area in branch and length of branch to analyse the relation between phenophase and meteorological factors; also we measured the dynamic changes if Pistachio’s organic nutrition in 2008 and analyse the relation combated with phenophase; at last , we found out some influencing factors on pollen viability in Pistachio during florescence. The results shows as follow:(1) The phenophase of Pistachio is probably 200d, the phenophase of Kerman is consistent with Peters, but they have different florescence. Meteorological conditions affect the phenophase of Pistachio especially the temperature condition. Compared with original area, our country must pay attention to the overwintering and winter protection if making cultivation measures, and also do not neglect the disease under hot and humid environment in some place.(2) We can conclude from organic nutrition dynamic changes of xyIem and phloem in Pistachio that, thecritical period of Pistachio’s phenophase have the phenomenon of transport, and synthesize, storage and utilize. This can be important reference for fertilizing scientifically and rationally.(3) Meteorological conditions have some influences to the organic nutrition dynamic changes ofPistachio especially the temperature condition. Regulate meteorological conditions artificially to improve its nutrition metabolism.(4) Suitable temperature have great influence on pollen viability during florescence, and the best is 25℃.Other conditions such as the concentration of boric acid, that 100mg/L is good for the pollen’s germinating and growth but no avail if it excess; lower concentration of phytohormone have positive role for pollen viability; the pollen of Pistachio can be storaged in long and short terms. Freezing the pollen in ice chest can be a short term method in practical production, but ultra low temperature storage is suitable if it is used in a long time.更多还原