【作者】 张媛；

【导师】 佐斌；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 社会公平是一个重要而复杂的问题,对于社会的稳定和发展具有重大的意义。因此,学者们对它有大量的探讨,内容涉及哲学、政治学、经济学、社会学和伦理学等领域。其研究历史也源远流长,早自古希腊时期就已经成为了学者和政治家们的思考对象。然而关于社会公平的研究大都集中于理论的探讨。本文尝试从心理学的角度出发,以中国的社会制度和文化为背景,以青少年群体为研究对象,探索社会公平感的心理结构。研究过程分为4个步骤:步骤一:通过对心理学中组织公平感结构的研究和社会公平理论文献的梳理,总结出社会公平感维度的理论假设。步骤二:从实际出发,通过收集词汇和词语评级问卷,用统计软件自下而上地分析出社会公平感的探索结构。结合之前的理论假设,确立社会公平感的心理结构。步骤三:以第二阶段完成的社会公平感结构为依据,参考组织公平感结构问卷等相关问卷,编制中国青少年社会公平感心理结构的预测问卷,并进行预测。通过项目评估和探索性因素分析,筛选和删减项目。最后,确定中国青少年社会公平感的正式问卷。步骤四:对问卷进行正式施测,通过结构方程模型对中国青少年社会公平感问卷进行验证性因素分析,验证之前假设的因素结构,并对受测群体的社会公平感进行描述,探讨人口统计学变量等因素对青少年社会公平感受的影响作用。本研究共发放4批问卷,回收有效问卷共1721份。主要研究结果如下:(1)在中国的政治和历史文化背景下,青少年对社会公平的认知和评价表现出5个维度,它们分别是:制度公平、权利公平、弱势公平、互动公平和分配公平。(2)青少年社会公平感量表具有较好的结构效度和内部一致性信度。(3)从总体上看,中国青少年的社会公平感较高,总分和各维度的得分均高于问卷的中点。在各维度的得分中,互动公平和权利公平的得分显著低于其他几个维度的得分。(4)个体的家庭经济状况会对青少年的社会公平感产生显著的影响,家庭经济水平较差的个体,其社会公平感会显著低于家庭经济水平一般和比较富裕的个体。(5)个体的学龄段对青少年社会公平感有显著的影响,主要表现为学龄越高,社会公平感越低。(6)青少年的社会公平感得分存在来源地的差异,来自地/县级城市的青少年的得分显著高于来自省会城市的青少年社会公平感得分。(7)青少年的社会公平感与一般生活满意感存在显著的正相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Social justice is a complicated issue which means a great deal to the development of our society.There are plenty of researches related to it from philosophy,politics, economics,sociology to ethnics areas.Attention of social justice can be traced to old Greece.The ideologists that time had noticed the importance of this problem.However, most of researches about social justice are just theoretical discussions.This research will penetrate into the structure of the perceived social justice by the questionnaire method.The course of which is divided into 4 stages:Stage 1:summaries the theories and researches related to social justice.Stage 2:compiling and packing up vocabularies describing perceived social justice and evaluating the vocabularies to explore the structure of perceived social justice by exploratory factor analysis with SPSS.Stage 3:according to the structure explored in stage 2,develop the social justice questionnaire.Exam formally according to the sample convenience principle and form the final questionnaires.Stage 4:confirming the theory frame of the perceived social justice by confirmatory factors with LISREL.The main conclusions is as follows(1) Under the background of Chinese culture,the adolescents’ appraises related to the social justice cognition are linked to the 5 degrees:regulation justice,right justice, affirmation justice,interaction justice and distribution justice.(2) The confirmatory factor analysis indicates that the framework of perceived social justice scale and theory frame has good fitting degree,and the scale also has highly internal consistency validity.(3) As a whole,Chinese adolescents think highly of the social justice.Their scores are higher than the middle point score of the scale.For the scores of 5 degrees,scores of interaction justice and right justice are notably higher than the other degrees’ scores.(4) Family economic status can influence individual’s appraisal on social justice. Individuals with a lower family economic status score lower than the ones with an average or better family economic status.(5) Educational level can influence individual’s appraisal on social justice.The results show that the higher individuals’ educational level are,the lower score they get.(6) Source place of students can influence individual’s appraisal on social justice. Individuals from towns notably score higher than individuals form cities.(7) Adolescents’ perceived social justice and general life satisfaction present a positive correlation.更多还原