【作者】 李沛丽；

【导师】 黄辉祥；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中外政治制度， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 世界各国都要面对地方政府治理——这一事关国家统一、民族团结和社会稳定的重大课题。在经历了“人民公社”和“乡政村治”两种实践形态后的中国,随着“取消农业税、统筹城乡发展、以工哺农、以城带乡”的发展战略的实施以及社会主义新农村建设工作的推进,乡村治理正面临着严峻的挑战。它山之石,可以攻玉。国外的治理转型特别是地方与基层治理转型积累了丰富的经验和教训,可供我们学习、借鉴。在这方面,美国无疑首先是一个值得研究的对象,短短200多年的发展历史成就这种伟大奇迹的背后,政治制度的因素不能不说起着关键的作用。为此,笔者选取了美国地方治理作为本文的研究视角,在具体个案选择时,抽取了美国最原始的地方政府形态——乡镇政府特别是艾莫斯特镇进行实证研究,希望在获取知识增量的同时,能够对我国乡村治理当前面临的诸多问题和困境有所启发和借鉴。文章经过分析认为,美国地方政府治理模式选择有很大的自主权,不受中央政府控制,而由当地选民投票决定。这种制度使得美国地方政府拥有较大的自主权,以满足选民的要求和愿望为宗旨,全力为选民服务,并维持了地方的繁荣稳定、和谐发展。这其中,美国历史上的乡镇自治传统、宗教、发达的市民社会及政治文化对其产生了重要的影响。基于此,本文框架结构分为三个部分:第一部分包括导论和前两章,这部分主要介绍了研究缘起、选题意义及本文的行文思路、相关概念;美国地方政府治理和乡镇政府特别是艾莫斯特镇的治理模式以及该镇两次治理模式选择的过程和结果。第二部分即第三章,也是本文分析的重点,本章详细分析了艾莫斯特镇第二次治理模式选择陷入困境的缘由,这其中包括新英格兰遗留下来的乡镇自治传统以及宗教、发达的市民社会、政治文化等因素。第三部分是对以上分析的思考与讨论。这里主要从治理理论和民主观念分析了美国治理模式选择,并试图对我国当前乡村治理诸多困境有所启发。更多还原

【Abstract】 Every country in the world has to face local government governance--this is themajor issues of national unification, ethnic unity and social stability. After the two practice patterns of the "people’s communes" and the "township politics village governs", with the implementation of development strategies of "the abolition of agricultural, the coordination of urban and rural development, feeding agricultural with industry, promoting rural development with urban", as well as the building of new socialist countryside in advance,township politics village governs is faced with severe challenges. Stones from other hills may serve to polish jade. Transformation of governance abroad especially the local and grass-roots governance transition accumulated rich experience and lessons, which we could learn from. In this regard, with no doubt the United States is a first object of study with no doubt, a short history of the development of more than 200 years has created such a great miracle, behind this, the political system can not but say that the factors that play a key role.Thus, the author selected the United States as the local governance research perspective in this article. Choosing the specific case, the author has taken the most primitive form of local government in the United States--township government, especially the town of Amherst to conduct empirical research, wished to increase access to knowledge, could be for rural government facing many problems and difficulties currently, and we could learn from some enlightenment at the same time.After analysis, article figured the United States local government governance models had great autonomy to choose, and determined by the local voters to cast their votes from central government control. Such a system made the United States have a greater autonomy of local governments, to meet the demands and wishes of the voters for the purpose, Serve for voters heart and soul, and maintain the prosperity of the local stable and harmonious development. Among these, the township self-government traditional, religious, well-developed civil society and its political culture had a significant impact in the history of the United States.Based on this, the structure of this paper was divided into three parts:The first part included introduction and first two chapters,this study described some of the major origin, topics of significance and the text ideas of this article, related concepts; Local governance of the United States and the township government, especially the governance model of the town of Amherst, and the town had the choice process and results of two models of governance.The second part was the third chapter and the focus of this paper, a detailed analysis of this chapter was the causes of trouble in the process of the second choice of governance model in the Amherst Town, this included the New England villages and towns left over from the traditional self-government and religion, well-developed civil society, political and cultural factors and so on.The third part was the mediation and discussion about the above analysis. It mainly analyzed the choice of governance model the United States from governance theory and the concept of democracy, and attempt to enlighten the current plight of many rural governance problems.更多还原