【作者】 廖敏新；

【导师】 王斌；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究从理论与实践两个层面对马术运动员的一般心理特征和专项心理特征进行了探讨。马术运动具有人马两种不同的运动主体,这一点不同于其他体育项目中双人之间的配合。人马配合完成动作时,信息交流和沟通能否有效地进行,是决定马术运动成败的关键。研究首先从运动训练学、体育心理学和生理学等领域寻求与马术运动员心理特征相关的理论;然后,对国内外马术运动员研究成果进行了分析,对马术运动员和赛马两方面的研究状况进行了评述;接着,根据各种相关理论依据,得出马术运动员心理特征的32项相关指标;最后,通过马术运动员选择和专家评判,对32项心理特征指标进行筛选。研究确定19项与马术运动员心理特征相关的指标,并且按马术运动员一般心理特征和专项心理特征对19项心理特征指标进行分类,并进行了测量。测量结果表明,马术运动员在操作反应能力、速度知觉、运动记忆能力、坚韧性、控制感、自信心、提高竞技水平动机、努力取向动机、集中注意、心理准备、团队凝聚力、手脚的协调性等指标上,不同等级的运动员之间有差异,且运动等级较高的运动员更优异。马术运动员气质类型以粘液质或粘液质与多血质、抑郁质的混合型为主。本研究在探讨一般心理特征的基础上,结合马术运动员和教练员访谈、现场观察马术训练和比赛,以及马术录像分析等研究手段,探讨了人马能否传递信息和人马的交流、沟通2项马术运动员专项心理特征。研究结合运动项目特征,重点从三个层次、四个维度对马术运动员专项心理特征的核心“人马—体感”进行了描述。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation studied on the primary psychological characters and special psychological characteristics of equestrian athletes from two facets of theory and practice. Equestrianism with two different main bodies,which is different from other items.It is essential to the success of the equestrianism,information exchange and communication can be effective in the comportment of rider and horse.Firstly,this study seeked correlative theory about equestrianism and equestrian athletes from the Sports Training Theory、Sports Psychology and Physiology.Then,this study analyzed the national and abroad results on the research of equestrian athletes. While this paper also reviewed the actuality of the research about equestrian items and horses.Then,this dissertation summed up 32 indexes which was correlatived with the psychological characteristics of equestrian athletes based on a variety of relevant theories. Lastly,this study confirmed 19 indexes through the choice of athletes and expert evaluation.We classified the 19 indexes by the standard of primary psychology and particular psychological phenomenon in order to select the appropriate measurement tools.According to the analysis of measurement results,different level equestrian athletes have distinct difference from Performances reaction ability,speed perception,memory, hardiness,ability of controlling,self-confidence,advance competitive ability motivation, effort level motivation,concentrated attention,psychological preparatory state,group cohesion and coordination of four limbs’.The representation of higher level or have been selected to the national team members was better than general team members.And their temperament are quality of phlegmatic or mixed-mode of Phlegmatic sanguine and melancholic.This study discussed two special psychological characteristics of the transmission of information and exchange between the rider and horse based on interview,equestrian training,competition,observation and video analysis.The study also designed a new model for Rider-horse Match,and described it from the three levels and four aspects.更多还原