【作者】 杜开明；

【导师】 彭家惠；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 材料科学与工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 相变材料是指随温度变化而改变形态并能提供潜热的物质。具有储能密度大、储能能力大、温度恒定、过程易控制、可以多次重复使用等优点,成为最具世纪发展潜力、目前应用最多和最重要的材料,也成为国内外能源利用和材料科学方面研究的热点。将相变材料掺入传统保温隔热材料中制备新型高效节能建筑墙体材料,具有相当的研究价值,同时还会产生显著的经济效益和环境效益。本文以多孔基质和有机复合相变材料采用物理吸附法制备相变保温墙体材料,并针对其在建筑结构中的应用进行研究。论文对相变材料进行了分类,分析其各自的物理、化学和热性能。从与建筑材料的相容性,经济性等方面进行综合考虑,优选出适用于建筑节能的单一相变材料。由于单一相变材料存在其固有的缺陷,通过将相变储能材料复配来获得适用于建筑节能的复合相变材料。理论计算和试验测试结果表明:癸酸-月桂酸二元复合相变体系具有良好的热物性,当癸酸摩尔浓度为40～51%时,癸酸-月桂酸体系的相变温度为25～30℃,相变潜热为121～127J/g;三元烷烃类复合相变体系的相变温度可以满足人体舒适程度的要求,相变潜热可达150～180J/g。选取多种多孔无机材料为基体与复合相变材料通过物理吸附法制备定型相变材料,根据相变材料在基体中的容留量和吸附后的形态,确定最佳的定形化工艺;并对定型相变材料进行热物性、渗漏程度、耐久性和相容性等进行了研究,结果表明:以癸酸-月桂酸为PCM的定型相变材料的相变温度可维持在25～30℃之间,相变潜热可达到100～110J/g;复合相变材料大量分布于微孔材料中,具有较好的稳定性和相容性;掺入表面活性剂能提升其储能密度;通过环氧树脂和苯丙乳液进行封装,可大幅度的提高定型相变材料的耐久性;以三元烷烃类为PCM的定型相变材料的相变温度可保持在30℃以内,相变潜热达到110J/g以上。研究中,最终选取膨胀珍珠岩和再生聚苯颗粒为多孔介质、癸酸-月桂酸为相变材料组成的定型相变材料制备相变型保温砂浆墙板,并进行基本性能测试,同时与直接浸渍制得的相变型石膏板进行保温性能测试。试验结果表明:相变型保温墙材的耐久性和稳定性均较好,具有一定的应用价值,含相变储能材料的墙板相对于普通墙板具有更加优越的调温、节能效果。本文最后还对复合相变保温墙体材料节能功效进行了分析与评价,为实现我国的高舒适、低能耗住宅提供了相关参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Phase change materials (PCMs) are the energy storage materials that have considerably higher thermal energy storage densities, and are able to absorb or release large quantities of energy at a constant temperature by undergoing a change of phase, which have been the most potential and wide applied materials and the focus of research on energy saving and material scientific. A novel and efficient energy-saving building insulation materials are prepared by incorporating PCMs into traditional insulation materials, which generate significant research value, as well as notable economical and environmental benefits. In this paper, phase-change thermal insulating materials were prepared by adding shape-stabilized PCMs, which were fabricated by porous materials absorbing organic PCMs physically, and the application of this novel insulating material in building structures was also evaluated.PCMs in this paper were classified according different requirements; the physical, chemical and thermal properties of various PCMs were presented. From the compatibility of PCMs with construction materials and economic consideration, single phase change materials were optimized for building energy-efficient. To overcome the defaults of single PCMs, composite PCMs were prepared and selected for building energy-saving. Decanoic acid-lauric acid(DA-LA) dual compound phase change material is fabricated based on Schroder formula in the laboratory. When the mol concentration of decanoic acid is 40-51%, the phase change temperature of DA-LA is 25-30℃and the phase change latent heat of DA-LA is 121-127J/g.Various porous materials were selected to prepare shape-stabilized PCMs by physical absorbing melted composite PCMs. According absorption of PCM and morphology of shape-stabilized PCMs, optimum preparation technology- a water bath temperature of 50℃, duration of 1h under atmospheric pressure- is determined. Through thermal-physical properties, leakage degree, durability and compatibility of shape-stabilized PCMs, it turns out that phase change temperature of shape-stabilized PCMs with DA-LA was 25-30℃, and phase change latent heat was 100-110J/g; composite PCMs were largely distributed in porous materials, were compatible with porous materials, and were considerably stable; thermal energy storage density was enhanced by surfactant; durability of shape-stabilized PCMs was improved considerably by encapsulation with epoxy resin and styrene-acrylic emulsion; phase change temperature of paraffin ternary compound PCMs was less than 30℃, phase change latent heat was more than 110J/g.A novel insulating mortar with PCMs was prepared with shape-stabilized PCMs based on expanded perlites, regenesis EPS granules and DA-LA. Compared to EPS insulating board with PCMs and gypsum wallboard with PCMs by immersion directly, durability and stability of the novel insulating mortar were better, showing certain application prospects. In addition, research results of insulation cabinet with PCMs demonstrated that PCMs were considerably beneficial to adjust temperature and save energy. Finally, energy-saving efficacy of insulation material with PCMs was also analyzed and evaluated, which provided important reference for achieving a high comfort, low energy consumption.更多还原