【作者】 陶梅平；

【导师】 肖波；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 环境工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,水体重金属污染已成为一个世界性的环境问题,引起了全社会的共同关注。近十几年来,在废水处理领域,研究人员利用非活性藻（藻粉）吸附处理重金属进行了大量研究,但利用活性藻类吸附处理重金属的研究鲜有报道。本论文以利用活性藻类（蛋白核小球藻、细长聚球藻、铜绿微囊藻、水华鱼腥藻和斜生栅藻）吸附重金属为主体,首先研究藻类生长规律和重金属对藻类生长的影响,然后研究活性藻类吸附重金属的效果,最后研究和分析了蛋白核小球藻对铜离子的吸附动力学性能。主要研究成果如下:1)藻类生长及重金属影响实验在自然光照和室温下,研究了5种藻类的生长特性和Cr⁶⁺对藻类生长的影响。（1）5种藻类叶绿素吸收光谱有两个最强的吸收区:一个是在波长为420～440nm的蓝紫光部分;另一个是在波长为660nm的红光部分。（2）5种藻类生长都基本符合Logistic生长曲线的规律。（3）5种藻类对Cr⁶⁺的耐受性强弱顺序为:铜绿微囊藻>水华鱼腥藻>细长聚球藻>斜生栅藻>蛋白核小球藻。2)活性藻类吸附重金属实验在自然光照和室温下,分别研究了5种藻类对Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cr⁶⁺的吸附效率规律。（1）5种藻类在不同浓度的Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cr⁶⁺的吸附效率规律: 5种藻类对Zn²⁺去除率R随Zn²⁺质量浓度的增加,R先下降然后上升最后又下降;5种藻类对Cu²⁺去除率R随Cu²⁺质量浓度的增加,R先迅速上升,然后随Cu²⁺质量浓度再增加,其去除率变化平缓;5种藻类对Cr⁶⁺去除率R随Cr⁶⁺质量浓度的增加而下降。（2）水华鱼腥藻在锌离子浓度为10.0mg/L时锌离子去除率R达到最大值59.20%;斜生栅藻在铜离子浓度为3.0mg/L时铜离子去除率R达到最大值62.50%;水华鱼腥藻在铬离子浓度为1.0mg/L时铬离子去除率R为最大值32.87%。3)蛋白核小球藻吸附Cu²⁺的动力学性能研究在自然光照下,在恒温振荡器上进行了蛋白核小球藻吸附Cu²⁺的动力学性能研究。研究结果表明,在蛋白核小球藻吸附Cu²⁺的初始阶段,吸附速率快,随温度的升高吸附速率增大,且吸附反应为一级反应,并推算出吸附反应的活化能Ea=37.09 kJ/mol。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently, the problems of water environment, especially heavy metals pollution have been become a global environmental issue, which is also concerned to the entire community. Over the last decade, in the field of wastewater treatment, the researchers had done a lot of research that biosorption of heavy metals by non-liviny algae （algae powder）, but the study of biosorption of heavy metals by living algae seldom reported.In this paper, study on biosorption of heavy metal by living-algae（Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus obliquus,Anabaena flos-aquae,Synechococcus elongatus, Microcystis aeruginosa）, the first, study on algae growth and the effects of heavy metals on algae,then study the effects of biosorption of heavy metal by living algae, the final the kinetics for Cu²⁺ on Chlorella pyrenoidosa has discussed. The main research results are as follows:1) Study on algae growth and the effects of heavy metals on algae.In natural light and room temperature, study on growth and the effects of heavy metals on 5 kinds of algae.（1） 5 kinds of algae chlorophyll had two strongest absorption spectra of the absorption area: one is in the wavelength of 420 440 nm blue-violet light; another is the wavelength of 660 nm in the red part.（2） 5 kinds of algae growth is in line with the basic laws of the Logistic growth curve.（3） In different Cr⁶⁺ concentration, the tolerance of 5 kinds of algae: Microcystis aeruginosa>Anabaena flos-aquae >Synechococcus elongatus> Scenedesmus obliqu -us>Chlorella pyrenoidosa.2) Study on biosorption of heavy metal by living algae.In natural light and room temperature, study on the biosorption effects of Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cr⁶⁺ on 5 kinds of living algae. （1） 5 kinds of algae in the concentration of heavy metals, R (the removal rate of Zn²⁺ on 5 kinds of algae ) first dropped and then rose, the last dropped; with the increasing concentration of Cu²⁺,the efficiency of absorption is different. with the increasing concentration of Zn²⁺, R (removal rate of Cu²⁺ on 5 kinds of algae) first rose rapidly, and then not much change, tend to balance; with the increasing concentration of Cr⁶⁺, R (the removal rate of Cr⁶⁺ on the 5 kinds of algae) decline.（2） In the Zn²⁺ concentration of 10.0 mg/L, R removal rate of Anabaena flos-aquae reached the maximum 59.20%;in the Cu²⁺ concentration of 3.0 mg/L, R removal rate of Scenedesmus obliquus reached the maximum 62.50%; in the Cr⁶⁺ concentration of 1.0 mg/L, R removal rate value of Anabaena flos-aquae was 32.87%.3)study on the kinetics for Cu²⁺ on Chlorella pyrenoidosaThe adsorption rate for Cu²⁺ on Chlorella pyrenoidosa was considerably high at the beginning of the adsorption, and the adsorption rate for Cu²⁺ was enhanced with the increasing temperature, the reaction order was 1, and the activation energy Ea =37.09 kJ/mol.更多还原