荒漠及荒漠化地区人居环境适宜模式初探

【作者】 谭启生；

【导师】 李志民；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人口扩张、资源开发和荒漠化的进一步加剧,越来越多的人面临如何在荒漠及荒漠化环境中居住和生存的问题。而目前很多荒漠及荒漠化地区的人居环境模式与当地的自然环境极不协调,往往无视所在地区特殊的自然环境,过分依赖资源投入和能源消耗,以人工之力与恶劣的气候和地理环境相对抗,由此导致生态恶化和大量资源消耗,甚至危及人类自身的生存和健康。本文在广泛调查、充分研究国内外荒漠及荒漠化地区人居环境传统模式和当代探索、创新的基础上,通过总结提高,把传统民居中至今仍具价值的适宜技术提取出来,结合当代生态建筑设计的最新成果,并与现代材料、技术和建造手段相融合,探索出一套荒漠及荒漠化地区适宜的人居环境模式,为荒漠及荒漠化地区人类聚居环境设计提供系统的和可借鉴的指导思路。同时,还通过对新疆准噶尔盆地周边石油生活基地的调查分析,总结出其持续半个世纪的演化轨迹,并与所建议的荒漠及荒漠化地区人居环境适宜模式相比较,指出存在的不足,为今后该地区和其它荒漠及荒漠化地区石油基地规划设计指明方向;同时也为中国西北部广阔的荒漠及荒漠化地区面临沙漠化威胁的传统村落的改造和重建提供可借鉴的指导模式,有助于人们更好地适应沙漠化生存环境,避免持续陷入沙进入退的窘境。本文首先介绍了荒漠及荒漠化地区人类存在的环境意义,对研究对象进行了界定,明确了研究目的、意义和方法;其次从六个方面总结了荒漠及荒漠化地区人居环境的传统模式;然后从理论探索和当代实践两种角度阐述了中外学者和当代建筑师对荒漠及荒漠化地区人居环境适宜模式的研究结论和创新成果;在此基础上,从城市选址与规划、邻里设计与城市细胞布局、建筑单体设计、材料构造及结构体系、配套设施及服务系统设计等五个方面归纳出荒漠及荒漠化地区人居环境的适宜模式,并以新疆准噶尔盆地周边石油基地建设为例,对当前中国西部荒漠及荒漠化地区石油基地设计模式的演变及其存在的问题进行了分析,明确了存在的问题和今后改进的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increasingly aggravation of population expansion, resource exploitation and land desertification, more and more people are facing the problem of living and subsistence in arid region. While the present mode of many human dwelling district in arid region are not harmonious with the natural environment, it used to ignore the particular natural environment of the arid region, depend excessively on resource input and energy consumption, and tried to fight against the severe climate and geographical environment with human force only. this results in ecological deterioration and great depletion of resources and even threatening to the health and subsistence of human self.On the basis of extensive investigation and thorough research of the traditional mode of human dwelling district in arid region and the present study and innovation in this regards, through summing-up and improving, this thesis extracts the appropriate technique which was used in traditional human dwelling district and is proved being still valuable so far, integrates with the latest academic achievements in ecological architecture design and merges with modern materials, technique and construction methods, probes a set of appropriate mode of human dwelling district in arid region. It provides a systematic and referential guiding ideology for the human dwelling environment design in arid region. Further more, by means of investigation and analysis on the living bases of oil fields circumjacent to the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang Province, it summarizes the evolutionary track for half a century, compares it with the proposed appropriate mode of human dwelling district in arid region, points out the disadvantages of the former and indicate the direction of plan and design for the oil field living bases in these region and other arid regions; It also provides a referential guiding mode for rebuilding and reconstruction of the traditional villages and towns in Northwest China which can help people to be better adaptive to arid environment and avoid the dilemma of expelling by desert.Firstly it states the situational meaning of human subsistence in arid region, delimits the object of study and defines the objective, meaning and approach of the study; Secondly it summarizes the traditional mode of human dwelling district in arid region from six aspects, then it elaborates the research conclusions and innovative achievements on appropriate mode of human dwelling district in arid region of Chinese and overseas scholars and contemporary architects in terms of theoretical exploration and modern practice; Basing on these, it generalizes the appropriate mode from five aspects of site selection & plan, neighborhoods design & urban cells layout, architectural design, material selection & structural system, ancillary facility & service system design. And then it takes the living bases of oil fields circumjacent to the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang Province as the example, analyses the design mode evolution and existing problems at present of the living base of oil fields in the arid regions of Northwest China, indicates the problems and the improving direction in the future.更多还原