【作者】 孙立新；

【导师】 闫增峰；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 建筑技术科学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,采用新型轻质复合围护结构的建筑在我国发展迅猛,但现有的热工规范和节能标准对新型轻质复合围护结构缺乏明确的定义、要求和精确的计算方法。本文针对现有较为成熟的轻质复合屋面构造进行分类整理,将现其分为两大类:即屋面板(屋面系统)和膜材屋面;并较为详细的介绍了不同构造的特点与材料特性。论文提出膜材不能仅用稳态下的导热系数来评价膜材的热工性能,辐射换热对膜材的热工性能有着决定性的作用。因此,考虑膜材长波辐射对人体热舒适和表面结露的影响是非常重要的。膜结构会导致室内出现较大的竖向温度分层,而且由于膜结构的蓄热能力和表面涂层的憎水性,膜结构常常会在表面结露,严重影响室内环境。论文通过对典型轻、重质复合屋面板的热工性能进行冬夏季对比测试,分析证明了轻重质围护结构的延迟时间、温度衰减和太阳辐射的关系。进一步分析新型轻质复合围护结构的室内热环境,计算夏季的热应力指数HSI值,可以看出在轻质复合围护结构建筑中的人员受到的热应力作用明显高于重质结构:而对于冬季轻质围护结构较大的垂直温差会造成冷辐射,且轻质屋面结构内可能会发生结露,保温层厚度和室内相对湿度对发生冷凝结露的位置和冷凝强度影响显著。论文研究表明如果按周期性传热理论以及围护结构允许波幅的要求,仅仅以D值和表面结露来判定轻重质围护结构并指导设计不能满足实际要求。而现有的轻质复合围护结构判定的面积比热法、D值法和下降引子法均有一定的不足。为此,作者进一步提出了新型轻质复合围护结构的热稳定度时值判定方法。该方法通过采用不同地区的室外计算温度日较差和室外逐时温度变化系数计算室外温度波动,体现了不同地区气候特点和热舒适要求不同的特点,具有动态思路且易于操作。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,the use of light composite building envelope in China has developed rapidly.But thermal performance of these structures are lack of clear definition, requirements and calculation methods in the current thermal design code for civil building and the design standard for energy efficiency.The typical light composite roofs are classified into two types in the paper:roof board & membrane construction.There are different constructions and material introductions of these two types.This paper has bringed up that the thermal conductivity can not used in the evaluation of thermal performance of membrane construction.Radiation heat transfer is crucial to the thermal performance,so we must consider long wave radiation.The membrane construction will cause vertical temperture stratification and condensation becaues of its thermal mass and hydrophobicity.Through experiments of the thermal performance of light composite roof in winter and summer,the paper has made an analysis of thermal stability based on periodic heat transfer process.Analysis of the thermal environment has showed that the people in light composite building beared higher HSI in summer and stronger cooling radiation. The paper also bringed up that condensation must be within the construction.The paper proposed that the periodic heat transfer process and permit amplitude only evaluated the envelope by D can not meet the requirements now.The other methods also has a number of shortcomings.The paper has established a new Degree-Days Value for the light composite building envelope.更多还原