【作者】 陈广华；

【导师】 钱东平；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国奶牛养殖业的快速发展,如何提高牛奶的产量和质量、增加效益是奶业持续发展所面临的重要课题。促进奶牛养殖的标准化、集约化和科学化建设,实现从传统生产管理向现代管理方式转变,以规模经营为载体,不断提高科技含量,对于我国奶业的持续健康发展是至关重要的。在规模养殖场中,对奶牛个体及相关信息的获取和处理是一项及其重要而又繁琐的工作。依靠人工采集的数据有时候会有很大的误差,实时性也不高,给管理带来了很大的难度。计算机技术的发展和在养殖业中的应用,使得对奶牛的管理和监控变得更科学、严谨和便捷。本课题在虚拟仪器及其软件开发平台LabVIEW的基础上,采用了超低功耗的无线收发模块NRF24E1,结合高性能的Atmega32单片机技术,设计了一种一对多点的低功耗的无线数据采集系统,可以准确、快速、可靠地实现对奶牛生活的环境信息、活动量、产奶量等数据的实时采集、存储、显示以及历史数据查询等多种功能,并极大地降低了系统的开发周期和成本,达到了经济实用的目的。本文主要介绍了系统的总体方案设计、数据采集终端的软硬件构成、低功耗无线通讯模块的硬件电路和软件编程、RS232串口通信以及上位机对采集数据的接收、显示和管理。在数据采集端,温湿度和活动量的测量选用了数字型的传感器SHT11和Z02,把输出的数字信号直接送到Atmega32单片机进行处理,只需极少的外围器件就可以工作,简化了电路设计。称重传感器输出的模拟信号经过仪用放大器AD620的调理后,接到Atmega32的PA口进行A/D转换和处理,实现了对产奶量数据的采集。在无线通讯部分,选用了2.4GHz低功耗的nRF24E1收发芯片,待机状态最大电流小于2μA,工作时的在软件中通过设定不同的地址就可以方便地实现一点对多点的通讯模式。上下位机间简单的串口通讯和上位机图形化的Labview编程,使得整个系统模块化程度高、结构清晰、调试方便、运行稳定可靠。实验结果表明,本课题开发的奶牛信息采集系统用户界面友好,功能比较完备,操作简单方便,能满足奶牛养殖场对基本数据的采集需要,有着良好的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of dairy aquaculture in our country,how to increase the production of milk, improve the quality and make more profit benefits is an important subject.To promote the standardization of dairy farming, intensive and scientific, realize the production management from the traditional to the modern management mode ,to the scale operation as the carrier and continuously improve the scientific and technological content,is vital for China’s dairy industry to development sustained and healthyIt is an important and complicated work to acquire and process the dairy and related individual information in scale farms farms. There will be a lot of errors sometimes and not real-time rely on manual data collection,it will be bring a lot of difficult to the management.The development of computer technology and applications in the aquaculture industry making the management and monitor dairy cows more scientific, rigorous and convenient.This paper designed a one-to-many points of the low-power wireless data acquisition system based on the virtual instrument and its software development platform LabVIEW, using the ultra-low power wireless transceiver module NRF24E1, combined with high-performance MCU (Atmega32) technology, and it can be accurate, rapid and reliable to realize a variety of functions that collect environmental, activity, milk yield information of dairy cattle online, and storage, display and query historical data, and it can be also greatly reduces the development cycle and cost of system, to achieve the purposes of economical and practical.This paper introduces the design of overall system, the software and hardware that consists of terminal data acquisition,the hardware circuit and software programming of low-power wireless communication module, serial communications of RS232, as well as to acquisition, display and management the receive data by PC. In the terminals of data Acquisition, temperature and humidity measurement and activity measurement selection digital sensor SHT11 and Z02, system can directly send the digital signal that sensor output to MCU Atmega32 processing, only very few external devices can be work, and simplifying the circuit design.Analog signal that Weighing sensor output through instrument amplifier AD620 conditioning connect to the PA port of Atmega32 for A / D conversion and processing, and then can be realize the milk yield data collection. In the wireless communication select a low power 2.4GHz transceiver chips nRF24E1, it’s maximum standby current less than 2μA, and can also be easily achieved a point to multipoint mode communication by setting a different address in software. The graphical programming of Labview,and the simple serial communication between the host computer and the slave computer, making the whole system as high degree of modularity, clear structure, easy adjustment, stable and reliable operation.The experimental results show that this system of dairy information acquisition has features such as friendly user interface, complete functions and simple operation,it can meet the basic data collection needs of dairy farm, and has good application prospects.更多还原