【作者】 金鹏辉；

【导师】 蒋耀兴；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 纺织材料与纺织品设计， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着生态环境和能源问题的日益突出,天然环保的绿色纺织品无论在原料生产工艺上还是在成品使用过程中都越来越受人们的关注。本课题重点研究生物酶脱胶技术应用于桑皮纤维提取工艺,在分析桑皮物质组成的基础上,对桑皮纤维的提取方法、工艺条件进行较为系统的研究,同时与传统的脱胶方法相比较,研究不同提取方法、工艺条件对桑皮纤维结构和性能的影响,为生物酶脱胶技术应用于桑皮纤维的提取和新型天然纤维制品的开发提供一定的理论依据。本文对桑皮纤维原料进行化学成分定量分析,测定桑皮中各物质组成的百分比含量。根据桑皮自身物质组成的特点,并借鉴麻类纤维原料的传统脱胶工艺,确定了桑皮生物酶-化学联合脱胶法的工艺流程,即:试样准备→预处理→水洗→生物酶处理→水洗→碱煮→水洗→酸洗→水洗→给油→自然晾干→桑皮纤维本文对桑皮脱胶工艺进行了深入研究,分析比较各个工艺条件参数对桑皮脱胶效果的影响,通过单因子分析和正交实验设计的方法制定出脱胶酶-化学联合脱胶的最佳工艺参数为:预处理阶段,硫酸溶液浓度3g/L、时间2h、温度50℃、浴比1:20;生物酶处理阶段,脱胶酶溶液浓度10g/L、作用时间10h、溶液pH=9、溶液温度55℃、浴比为1:30;碱煮,氢氧化钠溶液浓度12g/L、碱煮时间2h、磷酸三钠5g/L、温度100℃、浴比1:15;酸洗,乙酸溶液浓度7g/L、酸洗时间45min、温度50℃、浴比为1:10。本文通过对脱胶酶-化学联合脱胶和化学脱胶提取的桑皮纤维性能比较的研究发现:脱胶酶-化学联合脱胶工艺对纤维损伤较小,纤维表面化学侵蚀的痕迹不明显,纤维的长度、线密度均优于化学脱胶提取的纤维,纤维的标准回潮率为8.6%;脱胶酶-化学联合脱胶工艺对纤维的聚集态结构影响较小,纤维的结晶度、取向度均高于化学脱胶提取的纤维;脱胶酶-化学联合脱胶工艺没有改变其纤维基本的分子结构,仍然属于纤维素Ⅰ,而且对桑皮中木质素、半纤维素等胶质去除效果显著,制得纤维的纯度较高;经脱胶酶-化学联合脱胶工艺提取的纤维断裂强度、断裂功、初始模量均高于化学脱胶提取的纤维,断裂伸长率相对较低;脱胶酶-化学联合脱胶工艺提取的桑皮纤维表现出较好的光泽及白度。更多还原

【Abstract】 With increasingly concerned of ecological environment and energy issues, people paid more and more attention on either the production processes of raw materials or the use of products. This subject of enzyme treatment technology is applied to the extraction experiment of mulberry fiber. This issue carried out a series of research in extraction method and condition of mulberry fiber on the basis of mulberry fiber’s material content. What’s more, comparing with degumming traditional, it analyzed different extraction methods and conditions impacting on the structure and performance of mulberry fiber. It provides a theoretical basis for biological enzyme degumming technology used in the extraction of mulberry fiber and new development of natural fiber products.This paper carried on quantitative analysis of mulberry fiber’s chemical composition test, determining the percentage of material content in Mori phloem. According to the characteristics of mulberry fiber itself and the reference to degumming traditional of Hemp fiber raw materials, it identified the process of mulberry enzyme-chemical degumming method. As follows:Sample preparation→Pretreatment→Washed→Enzyme treatment→Washed→A scouring→Washed→Pickling→Washed→Oil→Natural dry→mulberry fiberStudying on mulberry degumming method and comparing parameters of the various process conditions in the impact of degumming effect, it formulated the best parameters of enzyme-chemical degumming method: Pretreatment stage, Concentration of sulfuric acid 3g/L, Time 2h, Temperature 50℃, Liquor ratio 1:20; Enzyme treatment stage, Degumming solution concentration 10g/L, Time 10h, Solution pH=9, Solution temperature 55℃, Liquor ratio 1:30; Alkali cooking, concentration of sodium hydroxide solution 12g/L, Time 2h, Trisodium phosphate additives, Temperature 100℃, Liquor ratio 1:15; Pickling, concentration of acetic acid solution 7g/L, Time 45min, Temperature 50℃, Liquor ratio 1: Comparing with enzyme-chemical degumming method and chemical degumming method, it shows that in the process of enzyme-chemical degumming method, fiber is less damaged, signs of chemical attack on fiber surface is not obvious, length and linear density of fiber are superior to chemical degumming; fiber standard moisture regain is 8.6%; fiber’s aggregation structure is less influenced, crystallinity and orientation degree of fiber is higher than chemical fiber degumming; enzyme-chemical degumming method does not change its basic molecular structure of fibers, which still belongs to cellulose, meanwhile, it removes lignin and hemicellulose in mulberry quickly, fiber’s purity is very high; the extraction of fiber’s breaking strength, fracture work, initial modulus are higher than those of chemical fiber degumming, elongation at break is lower than that of chemical fiber degumming; fiber shows a better gloss and whiteness.更多还原