【作者】 徐轲；

【导师】 李国锋；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 电工理论与新技术， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 在船舶系统中,大离心泵、发电机组、减速齿轮箱、风机等这类旋转机械设备运行时都会产生振动,而振动过大是机组破坏的重要原因之一,一旦这些机组因振动过大而产生故障,必定会影响船只的正常航行安全。所以为了保证设备机组的有效运行,必须针对这些设备配置状态监测与报警系统。设备运行时,振动参数能比其他的状态参数更直接、快速和准确地反映机组的运行状态,因此目前大多采用振动参数作为机组状态监测和运行状态趋势预测依据。但在正常使用状况下,随着设备的老化,机组振动烈度必然呈上升趋势。因此,当这些设备使用一定年限后,尽管依然能够正常工作,但其振动烈度往往会超过报警预设值,导致设备频繁报警,给现场操作人员工作带来很大不便。特别的,目前在船舶系统中,还存在着数量巨大的老旧设备甚至是超期服役设备。相比新设备,老旧设备在运行过程中存在着更大的安全隐患。但出于成本方面的考虑,对于这些依然能够正常工作老旧设备甚至是超期服役设备又不能盲目淘汰。针对这种情况,利用现代计算机技术,本文设计出了一款可用于船用大离心泵在线监测的装置。该装置利用以单片机为基础的嵌入式计算机系统对监测对象实施在线不间断监测,定时保存采集数据,并通过上位机软件对所记录数据进行辅助分析。在硬件上以C8051F340单片机为核心控制芯片,通过传感器采集信号,以U盘为存储介质保存所采集数据结果。在软件上,通过C语言对单片机编程,实现下位机系统的各项功能。上位机编程软件选用VC++6.0,利用VC++6.0良好的图像处理能力,对保存的数据进行可视化处理,给出具有良好可视性的图文并茂的数据结果。论文以某船超期服役的大离心泵为具体监测对象,阐述了大离心泵状态监测及故障诊断装置的设计原理、软硬件实现、实施流程以及大离心泵振动超标的现场报警处理过程。通过对大量监测数据的分析,得出了关于该大离心泵故障分析标准的相关结论,并得在一次评审会上得到相关专家的一致认可。更多还原

【Abstract】 In ship system,when the rotating machinery equipment such as large centrifugal pumps, generating units,speed gear box and big fans works,vibrations must be generated.If the vibrations are too large,the equipment may be destroyed,this may be a threaten to the ship’s sailing.So,in order to make the equipments work effective,the condition monitoring and alarming device is necessary.When the rotating machinery equipment works,compare with other parameters,vibration parameters can be a more direct,rapid and accurate reflection of the operational status of equipments.So,usually,we choose the vibration parameters as the base of the rotating machinery equipments’ condition monitoring and running trend forecast. However,in normal use conditions,with aging equipments,their vibration intensity is often beyond the default alarm value which makes the equipment alarm too frequently.Specially, now in the ship system,there are a lot of old even extended active duty equipments.Compare whit the new equipment,there is a greater security risk when use the old equipment.But, consider of the cost,we can’t eliminate them blindly.Aim at this situation,use of modern computer technology,this article designs a device which can be used in large centrifugal pump’s online monitoring.The device uses embedded computer system which basis on MCU gives an online monitoring continuously and save data on time,the data will be analyzed by a computer.In hardware,the device uses the MCU C8051F340 as the core control chip,gets signal through sensors,saves data by USB disks.In software,uses C language to program the MCU,while the computer will be programmed by VC++6.0,using VC++6.0’s good image processing capability,gives the saved data a visualization deal,then the finally results will be gave.The article uses a ship’s large centrifugal pump which is in extended active duty as specific monitoring object,explains the large centrifugal pump condition monitoring and fault diagnosis device’s design principle,software and hardware’s implement and the large centrifugal pump’s alarming process.Through the analysis of large amounts of data,we get the result of the large centrifugal pump’s fault diagnosis standard which was recognized by the experts in an accreditation council.更多还原