【作者】 陈书广；

【导师】 陈常优；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 土地生态安全评价是近几年刚刚兴起的研究课题,相关研究还都处于初步阶段。本文在充分吸收国内外研究成果的基础上,对土地生态安全评价的相关概念做了细致的梳理,整理并提出了生态安全、土地生态安全和土地生态安全评价的概念,并阐述了土地生态安全评价的理论基础。目前评价土地生态安全的方法非常多,本文对其进行了整理,并指出了各种方法的优缺点。本文以整个河南省地区作为论文的研究区域,在欧洲环境署对十分流行的PSR评价模型修正改进后提出的DPSIR模型的基础上,以“驱动力——压力——状态——响应”为评价模型建构了评价指标体系,然后运用层次分析法确定了各个评价因素的权重,进而利用综合分析法进行安全值的计算,得出河南省1998——2007年十年间土地生态安全状况的动态变化,然后建立了预警指标,对这十年的土地生态安全动态变化进行报警。结果显示:河南省的土地生态安全状况不断好转,从1998年0.5441的综合安全指数过渡到2002年的0.6086,再上升到2007年的0.6373,安全等级从敏感级逐渐过渡到良好级,预警级别从预警逐渐过渡到较安全。土地生态环境压力不断增大,但增速比较缓慢。影响土地生态环境的潜在驱动力也在不断增大,2001年以前增幅明显,2001年以后增幅缓慢,2006——2007年增幅稍大。土地生态环境状态一直比较平稳,增幅不很明显。土地生态环境响应1998——2003年增幅明显,2003年以后电不断有所增加。河南省土地生态安全状况虽然不断好转,但问题依然严重:土地人口压力大,自然灾害频繁,生态环境污染破坏严重,经济不够发达,环保观念不深入,环保投入治理不够,水土流失、土地沙化、盐碱化、荒漠化严重,土地污染加剧,土地生产力低下,城市化水平低,森林覆盖率低,耕地负荷重,建设用地侵占耕地、破坏生态环境现象严重。面对这些问题,本文从法律、行政、经济、技术和其他五个方面提出了应对措施:法律方面,加强环境保护法制建设,严格执法与监督管理,以法律手段保护生态环境。完善土地资源管理的法律法规体系和生态环境保护法律法规体系,健全土地执法体系和土地管理行政程序,加强土地利用规划管理和规划体系建设。行政方面,提高规划和管理自然资源的水平,制定并完善自然资源利用规划,建立耕地、森林、水资源等资源管理系统。加强环境保护发展建设,严格执法与切实履行监督职责。经济方面,要按生态规律组织经济社会活动,积极进行产业结构调整,进一步促进河南省的城市化,加大土地生态保护资金投入,建立生态补偿机制,建立和完善生态安全的资金保障体系。技术方面,加快建立完善生态安全科技创新体系和条件保障体系建设,建立土地生态安全评价体系和高效灵敏的土地生态利用和土地生态安全预警系统。其他方面,控制人口增长,缓解人地矛盾,加强防治“三废”,严格保护好自然保护区,加大治理风沙力度,防治水土流失。由于研究水平、条件和时间所限,本文也存在很多不足之处,以期以后不断改进和完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Land ecological security evaluation is emerging in the research, the research also are in the preliminary stage. Based on the research results of absorbing, based on the evaluation of land ecological security concepts made careful combing, and puts forward the ecological safety, land ecological security and land ecological security evaluation, and expounds the concept of safety evaluation of land ecosystem theory basis.Currently the land ecological security evaluation method is very much, the paper analyses the arrangement, and points out the advantages and disadvantages of various methods.Based on the study of henan region as paper, is very popular in Europe for the unep PSRevaluation model correction of DPSIR improved on the basis of the model, with "--drivingstress response" to construct the evaluation model of evaluation index system, and then USES ahp evaluation factors weights of each, and using of comprehensive analysis of henan province greater calculated, 1998-2007 ten years land ecological security situation of dynamic change, then built on that decade early-warning indexes, the dynamic change of land ecological security alarm. Results show that:Henan land ecological security situation, improving the comprehensive 0.5441 from 1998 to 2002, safety index rose to the 0.6086, again in 2007, safety level 0.6373 from sensitive level gradually transition to good grade level, warning from the early warning gradually transition to more safety.Land ecological environment pressure increasing, but the growth is slower. Effects of land ecological environment and increasing potential driving in 2001, before and after the 2001 growth slow growth, 2006-2007 slightly increase. Land ecological environment condition has been compared, smooth is not very obvious. Land ecological environment in 1998-2003 response growth after 2003, also constantly increased.Henan land ecological security situation while improving, but the problem is still severe population pressure: land, frequent natural calamity, ecological environment pollution damage, the underdevelopment of economy, environmental protection concepts and environmental protection investment management, soil erosion, desertification, soil salinization, desertification, severe pollution and low land productivity, low level of urbanization, the forest coverage rate is low, farmland construction land occupation, heavy load of cultivated land, damage the ecological environment.Facing these problems, this article from the legal and administrative, economic, technological and other puts forward five measures: legal aspects of environmental protection, strengthen the construction of legal system, strictly enforce the law and regulatory and legal means to protect the ecological environment. Land resources management system of laws and regulations, and the ecological environment protection laws and regulations system, improve the land law enforcement system and land management, strengthen the administrative procedure of land use planning and management and planning system. Administrative aspects, improve the planning and management of natural resources, and the improvement of the level of natural resources planning, land, water, forest resources management system. To strengthen environmental protection construction and development, strict law enforcement and earnestly implement the supervisory duties. The economic aspect, according to the ecological law of economic and social activities, active organization carries on the industrial structure adjustment, further promoting the urbanization in henan province, the land ecological protection funds, and the establishment of eco-compensation mechanism, establish and improve the ecological security funds safeguard system. Technology, accelerate to establish and perfect the ecological security technology innovation system and safeguard system construction, establishes the condition of land ecological safety evaluation system and effective utilization of the land ecological sensitive and land ecological security warning system. Other aspects, control population growth, to relieve the contradiction, strengthening the control of "three wastes", strictly protect nature reserve, strengthen the management of sand, soil erosion prevention.Because research level, conditions and time limit, this paper also has many shortcomings, in order to constantly improve and perfect after.更多还原