【作者】 陈怡；

【导师】 刘建国；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 田径运动是一项结合了速度与力量、耐力与技巧的综合性体育运动,是世界上历史最悠久,普及最广泛的体育运动。力量素质是田径运动员的一项基本素质,是其训练必不可少的组成。在田径运动中,运动员的力量素质直接决定了技术动作的速度、幅度、运动耐力,对运动成绩有着重要的影响。因此力量训练是田径运动员日常训练的重要内容。在提高田径运动员力量素质方面,先进的力量训练器发挥着基础作用。从天然重物到杠铃,再到当今各式各样的高科技力量训练器,力量训练器的发展经历了几次革新。现代力量训练在总结前人经验的基础上,提出了一些原则和方法,如超负荷原则、渐增阻力原则、专门性原则等。训练方法也很多,除传统的等张、等长、等动练习外,近年来又出现了超等长训练法、电刺激法、跳深练习法等新式训练方法。力量素质与其他身体素质有着密切的关系,往往影响到其他素质的发展。力量也是掌握运动技术、提高运动成绩的基础,可以说,力量素质是运动员身体训练水平的重要指标。要想提高运动员的力量素质,必须注意力量素质中各种力量的协调发展。在体育训练中,为了提高运动员的运动水平,力量训练器械是必不可少的。以往,由于对田径运动员尤其是径赛运动员专项力量训练的概念认识不清,误把杠铃负重练习做为田径运动员专项力量训练的专门手段。现代力量训练非常重视练习过程中肌肉之间和肌群之间的协作与配合。由于杠铃负重练习在练习形式和负荷上均不可能完全与专项技术一致,所以人们开始从肌肉工作的“力度”上寻求力量与专项技术的衔接。现有的力量训练器械也基本上是以综合训练器为主。国内通常采用的是等动力量训练器,以进行等动力量练习,这样可使肌肉在整个关节运动范围内都得到最大锻炼,而且训练效果比等长训练、等张训练更为明显。但等动力量训练需要的辅助器械操作比较复杂,需要专人指导,而且此类力量训练器械的造价昂贵,不仅增加了训练成本,也影响器械普及。因此,加强力量训练器材的研发十分必要。本文研发论证的“田径运动员肢体力量训练器”,融合了现代比较先进的力量训练器械和传统训练手段的优点,操作简单,为运动员局部肌群力量的提高提供了良好训练器材。田径运动员肢体力量训练器针对田径运动员肢体力量训练而设计。运动员面对或背对器械,根据训练的部位的不同,确定器械钢索一端所需要固定的肢体位置;依据个人力量素质和训练需要,增减杠铃片负荷,对具体肌肉部位进行克服阻力拉伸练习。这种训练器械在肢体力量训练中如果正确应用,对发展局部肌肉力量,特别是小肌肉群和腰腹肌的力量,有着较好的效果。田径运动员肢体力量训练器的优点是成本较低,不但适合基层训练单位的使用,同样适合专业队和高校体育教学训练,这就意味着该器械适用范围较广,并能充分发挥杠铃片的作用。田径运动员肢体力量训练器的研发目的主要针对田径运动员大腿肌后群的力量训练,但经过后期验证与标定发现,器械中端支柱上的可上下移动调节的滑轮组,可以根据运动员和训练需要进行调节,从而使该器械也适用于运动员的大腿肌前群的力量训练、上肢力量训练和投掷臂的一些简单并结合技术动作的力量训练。对田径运动员肢体力量训练起着积极作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Track and field sport, as a kind of comprehensive sports, is a combination of speed and, Strength, stamina and skills. It is the oldest and most popular sport in the world.As one basic quality of the field and track athlete, the Strength training turns to be an indispensable part of the athletes’ daily training exercise, because thequality of Strength means so much to the speed and range of the technical movement to the field and track athletes, and these elements directly influence the athletes’ exercise achievements. Due to this important reason, the advanced trainers for Strength play an important foundation role.From the natural heavy item to the barbell, and to the nowadays all kinds of High-tech strength trainer, there was a long innovation and development process of the Strength trainer has been through.Modern strength training, is not only based on previous experience, but also, proposes some fresh principles and methods, such as the Overload Principle, the Principle of Gradually Resistance Increasing, theTechnicality Principle, and so on. There are many training methods among the Strength promotion field, besides the traditional isotonic, isometric, and isokinetic exercise, there are super-equal-length training method, electro stimulation method and jump drop training method have been created in recent years as well. The strength quality has close relationship with other physical qualities, which usually affects the development of other qualities. The strength is also the foundation of the sport technique mastering, therefore, it can be said that the strength quality is one of the important indexes of athletes’ physical training level.In order to raise the athletic quality, strength training equipments are absolutely necessary in the whole training process. While, it is quite easy for the people to misunderstand the concept of strength training for the FTA, mistakenly put weight barbell and barbell exercises FTAs’ specific strength trainer and training.The modern strength training exercises pay a lot attention to the muscles and muscle groups’ coordination and cooperation. It is because of the weight-bearing barbell exercises can not be completely suit the special needs of the FTAs’ strength training demands people began to research the "intensity" of muscles, hope to find the connection between the strength and special sports skills. Basically, the existing strength training equipments are mainly comprehensive trainers, the isokinetic strength training equipments are widely used domestically, which good at the isokinetic exercise, so that the muscles can obtain the largest exercise in the whole range of joint motion and the training effect is more obvious than the isometric training and isotonic training. However, isokinetic strength training needs to use complicated assistant equipments., many of them has high-price and hard to be operated. Moreover, these strength training equipments high cost not only increases the cost of sports training, but also influents the popularization. Therefore, strengthening the research of strength training equipments is the important measure to raise the domestic physical exercise level.The Trainer of Limb Strength Training for FTA, which has been designed and discussed, is one combination of the advanced Strength trainer and traditional Strength training facilities. It is easy to be handled, and works well on the local muscle units’ Strength promote.The design of the Trainer was totally based on the field and track athletes’ limb Strength training process. When the trainer be used, athletes need to face on or backs on the it, according to the site of body, which athletes demand to train, fix the certain position with the tight wire of trainer. Based on how much weight the athlete is able to support, add or cut down the barbell load to give the certain muscle efficient stretch exercise. With accurate and correct use, some part of muscles strength would be well developed, such as the local muscle strength, small muscle groups and lumber muscle strength.The most impress advantage of this trainer is the cheap cost, this condition much helpful to the grass roots level, professional teams and colleges which can not plough a lot into the physical exercise and education progress; which situation can be seriously considered about to broadly extend, and also help to re-function the barbells. The design of the trainer mainly aims at the strength training of athletes’ posterior muscular group of thigh. However, after few test and analysis, there are many of positive effect from the trainer to the athletes’ anterior muscular group of thigh, as well as few simple movements combined with the technical movement of arm throwing.更多还原