【作者】 陈天慈；

【导师】 郁崇文；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 亚麻织物具有凉爽的触感、挺括的外形、良好的吸湿、散湿性能,以及独有的抑菌保健功能,为其他天然织物无法比拟。目前,我国的亚麻纤维产量远远不能满足纺织加工业的需求,有近80%的原料不得不从国外进口,成本昂贵。而黄麻产量丰富,价格低廉,具有优良的抑菌、防霉、抗紫外线、易降解等生态环保特性。故利用与亚麻纤维性能相近的黄麻纤维替代部分亚麻原料,不仅可大大降低原料成本,而且为黄麻纺织业的产品开发提供了新的途径。有助于增加我国对黄麻原料的需求,充分开发和利用我国丰富的麻纤维资源。亚麻煮练和漂白工艺是纺纱中最关键的工序,煮漂的目的在于去除果胶、木质素等杂质,提高纤维分裂度和可纺性,随亚麻纺纱工艺不断改进,煮漂工艺得到不断发展,目前比较成熟的是亚氧漂工艺。但亚一氧漂因使用了亚氯酸钠等化学试剂,腐蚀设备,且有大量有毒气体逸出,危害工人身体健康,严重污染环境,故亚氧漂工艺已无法满足人们对于环保的要求。本课题摸索研究亚/黄麻混纺粗纱的氧漂工艺,避免或减少使用传统煮漂工艺对人体健康的危害和造成环境污染;提高混纺粗纱的可纺性能,以使黄麻能部分的替代亚麻纤维。为得出混纺粗纱氧漂工艺,首先使用双氧水为漂白剂,研究确定亚麻粗纱氧漂的最优工艺。使用双氧水为煮漂剂,研究确定黄麻煮漂的最佳工艺。结合亚麻、黄麻的最优工艺,研究得出亚/黄麻混纺粗纱氧漂工艺的最佳方案。本课题首先通过单因子试验研究了亚麻粗纱煮漂中使用的各主要化学试剂的用量、温度、时间等因素分别对煮漂效果的影响,然后根据单因子试验情况,选择合适的因子水平,采用正交试验等方法,通过极差分析、方差分析等数学方法,比较分析了不同煮漂方案处理后纤维的断裂强度、断裂伸长率、白度、分裂度等指标,得出最优煮漂方案,然后经过验证试验,验证最优煮漂方案的可靠性。本文探讨了黄麻煮漂工艺的流程,通过单因子试验确定了主要工艺参数的范围,采用正交试验方法得出黄麻煮漂最优工艺,并验证所得方案的可靠性。参照亚麻、黄麻的煮漂工艺参数,初步确定亚/黄麻混纺粗纱煮漂主要工艺参数的范围,采用正交试验等方法,得出混纺粗纱的最优工艺,并经过试验验证了最优工艺的可靠性。试验得出亚/黄麻混纺粗纱煮漂的最优工艺为:NaOH 4%,H₂O₂（有效）6%,Na₂CO₃2%,Na₂SiO₃4%,JFC2%,尿素2%,温度80℃,时间80分钟。由最优方案得出的亚/黄麻混纺粗纱性能指标为:断裂强度6.06cN/dtex,断裂伸长率4.17%,分裂度826Nm,残胶率8.14%,白度52.3%。本文通过对比最优煮漂工艺后亚/黄麻混纺粗纱与亚麻和黄麻按各自试验所得最优工艺煮漂后混纺纱性能指标,得出适合亚/黄麻混纺纱的工艺流程。更多还原

【Abstract】 The products of flax have good wearing characteristics of cool tactility,straight figure,good capability of moisture absorption and emission,and the particular function of health care.Presently,the flax fiber output of our country is far from the requirement of textile industry,almost 80 percent of flax has to import from abroad, the price is expensive.The jute of our country is abundant and cheap,and the Jute has the ecological characteristic of restraint of bacterium and mildew,contradiction of ultraviolet radiation,and easy to be degraded.The capability of jute is similar to flax, therefore utilize jute to partly substitute flax material,not only can greatly reduce the cost,but also provide new approach of jute product exploitation.It redounds to increase the requirement of jute material,adequately exploit and utilize the abundant resource of jute in our country.The process of boiling and bleaching for flax roving is the most critical process in flax spinning.The purpose of boiling and bleaching is to remove pectin,lignin and other impurities,and increase the splitting and spinning ability of flax fiber.The technics of boiling and bleaching process developes recently,at present,the boiling and bleaching process of sodium chlorite and hydrogen peroxide is used more commonly.Chemical reagents used in this process such as sodium chlorite is corrosive to the equipment,let off large of poisonous gases,and endanger the health of workers,also seriously pollute the environment.Therefore,this process has been unable to meet the demands for environmental protection.This issue gropes and investigates the hydrogen peroxide boiling-bleaching process of flax and jute blended rove,avoid or reduce the environmental pollution by the use of sodium chlorite,enhances the spinning ability of blended rove,so as to use jute partly substitute flax material.To get the hydrogen peroxide boiling-bleaching process,firstly uses hydrogen as the major boiling and bleaching agent,explores the boiling-bleaching process of flax rove.And uses hydrogen as major degumming agent, explores the optimal technique of jute.Combines the boiling-bleaching technique of flax and jute,researches and educes the optimal boiling-bleaching process of flax and jute blended rove.First,according to the single-factor experiment,the issue mainly discusses the factors such as the main chemical reagent consumption,temperature,time to the influence of the boiling-bleaching effect.Then base on the single-factor experiment, chooses the proper level of factor,the paper adopts orthogonal method,compares the results such as fiber tensile strength,tensibility,white content,splitting and so on,and optimizes the best technology.Comprehensively analyses the affect on the results,and obtains the optimal process.Then validated test proves the optimal process is reliable.The paper explores the boiling-bleaching process of jute,according to the single-factor experiment,determines the range of every factor.After that,the paper adopts orthogonal experiment method,obtains the optimal process,and validated test proves the optimal process is reliable.Refers to the boiling-bleaching process parameter of flax and jute,basically determines the range of the parameter of boiling-bleaching process of flax and jute blended rove.The paper adopts orthogonal experiment method,obtains the optimal process,and validated test proves the optimal process is reliable.The optimal process from the experiment is:NaOH4%,H₂O₂（availability）6%,Na₂CO₃2%,Na₂SiO₃4%, JFC2%,CO（NH₂）₂2%,temperature80℃,80min.The spinning ability of flax and jute blended rove by the optimal process is:tensile strength 6.06cN/dtex,tensile elongation 4.17%,splitting 826Nm,residual gum content 8.14%,white content 52.3%.Contrasts the fiber performance of flax and jute blended rove by the optimal boiling-bleaching process with the blended fiber that flax and jute fiber firstly degummed with their each optimal process and then blended,and obtains the technology process adapted to the flax and jute blended yarn.更多还原