【作者】 付连海；

【导师】 段振云；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳工业大学 ， 机械制造及自动化， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 圆筒内壁的圆度检测工作环境恶劣,检测要求严格,目前缺乏合适的解决方案。因此对其研究将促进圆筒内壁检测的机械化自动化水平,提高产品质量,降低生产成本,加快生产速度,具有很大的价值。本文采用的激光三角测距技术是一种非接触式的测距技术,测距精度高、速度快,在工业控制生产、工业自动化生产等高精度测量中都有着广阔的应用。本文在传统的非接触式激光三角测距原理的基础上,为了适应被检测圆筒的特点——壁高、内径小、温度高,对激光光路进行改进,将对内壁圆度的检测转变为对圆筒内壁点的测量,通过对圆筒内壁点的全扫描方法对所有点进行测量,从而实现了高精度高速度的在线检测。在光路改进的激光测距仪器中,通过对改进方法的结构的选取、方案的选择和测量方法的比较,在设计上最大限度的提高了精度。此外,目前的激光三角测距技术已经很成熟,但在光路改进的激光测距仪器中,增加了许多零件,而对各个零件的固定与定位是以往激光三角测距法中所没有的,并且这些零件的定位精度又对结果产生不可忽视的作用。因此对其定位精度的研究就是本文的主要工作,利用MATLAB进行仿真,可以知道那个定位精度是对结果影响最大的。本论文还列举出影响实验结果的其它因素,这些不可消除的因素带来的实验结果误差可利用仪器标定技术来解决。另外,在传感器的选择方面,选用位胃感应探测器(PSD)来代替传统激光三角测距中的电荷耦合器件(CCD)。PSD的成本低、使用简单、测量速度、可直接输出光斑重心等优势,成为本设计首选的理由。更多还原

【Abstract】 The operational environment of the inner cylinder wall’s roundness measurement are very bad, and the detection requirement are very rigorous, appropriate solutions had not found out in current years. So, the study on this field have much value on enhancing the level of machinery automation on inner cylinder wall’s measurement, increasing product quality, reducing cost and quickening production velocity.The laser triangle ranging is a kind of non-contact ranging technique which has high ranging precision and high speech, it has comprehensive application in industrial automatic production and other high-accuracy measuring fields. On the base of conventional non-contact laser triangle ranging principle, so as to adapt the feature of the cylinder which have high cylinder wall ,small inner cylinder wall, and high temperature, this paper makes an modified laser optical path, and the circular degree of inner cylinder wall can be conversed to be the spot measurement of inner cylinder wall, this program makes measurement to the all spots of the inner cylinder wall by the full scanning method, so as to realize the high precision and high-speed on-line measurement.This program does a maximum increase of high accuracy in the laser distance measuring instrument of modified laser optical path by the method of selecting the modified laser optical path and scheme, and the comparison of the measurement method. In addition, the technique of laser triangle ranging is very ripe at present, but many components are added in the laser distance measuring instrument of modified laser optical path, whose fixation and positioning in the laser triangle ranging method is a problem at present, and the positioning accuracy of the components have much affect to the results. So the study on positioning accuracy is the most important task in this paper, Using MATLAB for data simulation, the biggest impact part will be knownOther influence factors which can not eliminate can also impact the results, this paper resolves it by the technique of instrument calibrating. In addition, this paper choices position induction detector(PSD) to replace the charge-coupled device(CCD) traditional laser triangle ranging. The reasons why we choice PSD are because it have the superiority of low cost, easy operation, rapid measurement, and direct output faculae barycenter.更多还原