【作者】 李磊；

【导师】 常丽；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳工业大学 ， 检测技术与自动化装置， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 油水分相含量在石油工业中是一个重要参数,直接影响油的质量,破坏电脱水器中电场,降低脱水效果,给原油集输造成很大能源浪费。但由于油水两相流流动体系极为复杂,致使水分含量测量难度较大,因此,油水分相含量的实时准确测量成为石油行业中亟待解决的问题。本文以含水原油为研究对象,在参阅国内外相关文献的基础上,对现有的几种原油含水率测试方法进行了归纳总结和比较,分析了各种测试方法的基本原理、应用范围和优缺点,并结合我国原油高粘度和高含水率的特点,采用了一种适用于测量输油管道内油水百分含量的波导测量方法,该方法是在输油管道内由发射线圈发射一定频率的电磁波,在两接收线圈端检测出电磁播的相位偏移,根据相位偏移和油、水介电常数的差异,从而实现油水百分含量的测量。在测量系统中,设计了80MHz的高频电磁波产生和放大电路,并将所产生电磁信号提供给发射线圈,用相位偏移检测电路测量出两接收线圈的相位偏移电压,应用MSP430F149单片机内置的A/D对相位偏移电压和温度传感器进行数据采集和处理后得到油水百分含量。在网络系统中,发射天线发送经过编码器编码后的测量数据,接收电路将接收到的数据进行解码,通过AT89S51及显示电路显示出所测原油含水率的值,并通过串行数据接口将所接收到的数据传到PC机上以实现网络化。通过系统的软硬件调试和实验证明了采用波导测量输油管道内油水百分含量方法的可行性。避免了电导率对测量结果的影响,具有0～100%的测量范围,电路集成度高,低功耗,携带方便,能够实现测量数据的网络化,适合原油含水率的野外测量。更多还原

【Abstract】 The oil-water content is a key parameter in petroleum industry. The inaccurate measure of the oil-water content directly affects the quality of oil, destroy the electrical field in the electric dehydrator, lowers the dewatering effect, results in energy waste. However, it is difficult to measure the oil-water content owing to the inherent complexity of the two-phase flow. So the on-line and accurate measurement of the oil-water content is an imminent demand for petroleum industry.The measurement object of the research in this paper is the crude oil with water content. Through studying the domestic and international related documents, the existing several test methods of water content of crude oil are summarized and compared. The basic principle, application, merits and shortcomings are analyzed. According to the feature of high viscosity and high water content of our country’s crude oil, the method of applying wave guide is selected to measure the water content of pipeline in this paper. According the principles of wave guide to measure the oil-water content, Launch coil provides a certain frequency of electromagnetic waves in the oil pipeline. It can be measured by the phasic attenuation of two receivers, then it can calculate the oil-water content by the difference of phasic attenuation of electromagnetic wave and the dielectric constant of oil-water mixture.At measurement system, The circuits of producing and magnifying 80MHz signal and testing the phase difference are designed, then electromagnetic signal is provided to the launch coil, the phasic attenuation of two receivers can be measured by detection circuit of phasic attenuation. A/D in MSP430F149 single-chip can be applied to the phasic attenuation and temperature, after the data sample and processing, the oil-water content will be achieve.In network system, Launcher sends out the measured data which is encoded, The receiving circuit will receive the data and decode, through AT89S51 and display circuit shows the measured oil-water content, The received data can be transmitted to PC by serial data interface to carry out network. By a system of hardware and software debugging and experimental work,it is proved that wave guide to measure the oil-water content is feasibility. It can overcome the effect of electrical conductivity, measure from 0 to 100%, reflect integration, low power, portable, achieve measured data network and be suitable for the measurement of oil-water content in field.更多还原