【作者】 刘维红；

【导师】 齐红倩； 樊红；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 项目管理， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文运用项目质量管理相关理论,对锦州血站应对突发事件紧急采供血质量保证方案进行设计,探讨了解决突发事件发生时血液来源的充足性、及时性、安全性以及保证供给临床用血的血液质量等紧急采供血问题。通过对锦州地区突发事件用血需求与采供血不足原因的深层次分析,从社会营销调研及策略(市场细分、消费者调查、产品概念开发和测试)等角度对紧急采供血质量保证方案进行了设计。同时,运用项目全面质量管理(PDCA循环)、项目质量控制、项目质量改进、质量管理体系、针对性交流、便利设施、鼓励手段和交换理论等管理理论和方法,对解决突发事件时血液来源及血液质量两方面的关键问题进行了应用。最后,通过建立紧急采供血设计方案评价体系,对紧急采供血过程进行监控,使锦州血站应对突发事件紧急采供血质量保证方案得以有效运行并持续改进。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the transfusion technique is clinical applied, it has rescued countless people already, especially plays an important role in the treatment of casualty emergencies, such as "9.11" incident, transit bombings in London, and Wenchuan earthquake incident. Due to the sudden increase of the ill and injured patients, the demand for temporary blood is more obvious. How to deal with these incidents, and collect and supply blood in the shortest time has attracted attention of our government departments at all levels, and the emergency response plan already on the agenda. Many incidents have occurred in Jinzhou area, such as the small plant explosion in 2005, and super storms in 2006, causing temporary blood increased. It is necessary and timely for Jinzhou blood station to establish emergency quality assurance plan to response the emergencies.In Jinzhou district, there are 3080,000 people and more than 20 medical institutions, including two 3A general hospitals, three provincial general hospitals and a troop general hospital. As the central city of the western region, the ability of medical treatment is the first, with over 6 tons of blood a year. The blood used in Jinzhou is all from the Jinzhou blood station, as the only one blood collecting and supplying specialized institution, the Jinzhou blood station is responsible for blood donors mobilization and recruitment, blood collecting, preservation, inspection, the preparation of separation, and blood supply. Incidents are associated with clinical use and are effective for clinical blood flow, blood donor blood flow, blood collecting progress, and blood transport. The blood flow in Jinzhou district is smoothly, increasing by 10% each year. The 25,000 people blood collecting and 1,000 people platelets collecting, basically can meet the needs of daily use, but cannot satisfy the sudden blood demand in short time. The clinical impact source for emergency rescue by the timeliness and platelet needs daily is not the same.The blood is a precious resource from human body, and there is no appropriate artificial replacement yet. Several components of blood, such as red blood cell, blood platelet, blood plasma and leukocyte collected from the body, cannot be permanent preserved. The blood station tests the blood after collecting the blood and blood components from donors’bodies used one-off blood bags, and keeps the qualified blood after separation and preparation. The red blood cell is kept in 2-6℃refrigerator, and platelet is kept in 22℃vibrating box. With current existing technical skills and techniques, red blood cell is kept at most 35 days, and platelet is at most 5 days. Once pass the retention period, the cells loose will physiological activity and be scraped. Therefore, sufficient number of blood donors must be called up in a short time Secondly, in recent years the country has issued a series of laws and regulations, inspecting the blood collecting and supplying behavior. According to the standards of the World Health Organization, the blood must be collected from low-risk gratis blood donors to ensure the quality and the source of the blood. Therefore, the donors must be strictly selected never allow blood transmission of HIV spread disease. Thirdly, donor groups have undergone tremendous changes since the implementation of the Blood Donation Law of People’s Republic of China in 1998. The blood donation behavior is gratis and volunteering donors sell blood transform gratis blood, blood is spontaneous actions voluntary, with no purpose, so they cannot be forced to donate or not, and how much they donate. They concern much about their bodies, safety, and donating service. Cultivating loyal gratis blood donors is very difficult. Fourthly, during the blood collecting and supplying process, some problems appeared in the blood, inspection, separation, packaging, transportation links, affecting blood quality, their reasons are the problems appeared in one factor of "people, machines, materials, methods, links".It is necessary to design quality assurance plan of blood collecting and supplying to response the emergency. The quality management theories are in favor of the establishment, implement and continuous improvement of quality system of the blood station. Apply marketing research and strategy to recruit donors and retain. Social marketing refers to the use of marketing skills and principle advocating a social movement, concept and behavior. Social marketing applies market segmentation, surveys of consumers, the concept of product development and testing facilities, encourage exchanges, and exchange theory to pursue the goal of the recipient reaction. Secondly, to establish three teams. One is the establishment of the emergent blood donors team, and its members are the gratis donors come from many enterprises and institutions for organ donors. The other one is the establishment of selected donors team, publicizing and donating by the way of blood donors. The last one is the establishment of fixed donors team, and each blood type has a certain amount of loyalty. All of these to achieve blood source for low-risk donors. Thirdly, the process of the blood collecting and supplying is the whole progress from blood collecting extend to the clinical hospital application, including blood collecting process, the blood test process, the blood preparation and storing composition process, and blood extend process. The process quality guarantee needs to hold a series of key points above, to ensure safety of blood donors, ensure the quality of blood. Fourthly, the Jinzhou blood station establishes the process quality management system to realize the comprehensive quality management, implement a standard request, according to PDCA cycle to establish quality management system, and aware the quality consciousness of the leadership and the general staff. Each link need to be regulated by documents, write down what you should do, and do what you have written, then check that you have done, further improvement., to improve quality and service.The preparation of the plan implementation is the establishment of the leadership group, establishing the system documentation team, and recruiting and quality management divisions. Through the internal audit and management review quality assurance plan for emergency blood collecting and supplying assessment, make continuous improvement. In the blood products garage of the blood station, the minimum cordon will be set, according to the severity of the incident. Then start preventive measures, staff in the blood-serving room notices the recruiting division and organizes the blood donors enter the station, mobilizing various departments and personnel to start the blood collecting work. The application of emergent blood collecting and supplying plan greatly alleviate the sudden blood in demand, but the aspects of laboratory testing, maintaining of the balance of supply and demand, promoting reasonable blood transfusion still should be further strengthened in and perfected.更多还原