【作者】 吴雁飞；

【导师】 刘德斌；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 世界史， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 近代以来,青年开始成为社会中的重要力量,青年学生群体开始在社会更替、民族发展、国家变迁、文化转型中发挥着重要的作用。本文选取20世纪60年代的美国学生运动作为本文的研究对象,首先简要回顾了60年代美国大学生运动的历史变迁,随后转入对60年代学生运动本身的叙述,就运动的发展阶段、派别、组织、制度及策略做出叙述与分析,并在此基础上叙述和分析了运动的一些特点。接着本文利用长时段、中时段、短时段三个层次对运动发生的原因加以疏理,并指出,从长时段的角度来看,青年作为一个相对独立的阶段,是近代以来才有的,近代以来风起云涌的青年学生运动也只有放在这个背景下,才能理解的更为透彻。最后在分析影响方面本文相对简略地介绍了运动的社会性影响,而相对详细地分析了运动对参与者当事人的个人生命周期的影响,指出不少昔日运动积极分子在他们人生中的很长一段时间里都试图延续年轻时的生活状态,并对比了运动积极分子和非积极分子在一二十年后的状况。本文主要引用的是英文期刊论文和美国大学博士论文,综合运用了历史学、青年学的学术成果及三个时段的分析手段,对这一运动的前驱后继,前因后果,以及一些特点和有争议的问题进行了疏理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the modern,youth had become a very important power of the society,and play a relatively important role in the transtion of society,the development of nation,the change of state and the transform of culture.This dissertation selected the student movement of united states in 1960s as the the item . This dissertation employed a lot of jounals’ papers and some of the doctor dissertations in the united states,borrow some results of the displine in history and youth,and borrow the analysis instruments of the three period of time,to sort out the pioneer and subsequence of the movement,the cause and the consequence of the movement and some characters and arguements of this movement.Chapter 1 The main content of the American student movement in 1960sThe student movement and organizations based on the idealogical began at the beginning of the 20s century,However,there wasn’t nearly any generation conflict in the movement before 1960s,and never have radical comments on their parents generation as well,what more ,the student movement before 1960s is confine in the range of education and acted in non-violent and indirect ways.Except in fifties,most of the student movement followed their adult’s social political trend and radical movement.After 1970s,the students become apathy to the politicals .Though the counter-culture has disappeared from the attention of the media, it is still a very important power in the campus.It ’s less influence may due to the less attetion of media and the location of the movement.The 1960s movement had experience of transformation from "port huron statement"to the "new era of the united states ",from east coast backgroud to the west grassland backgroud,from the political protest to the culture refuse,from the non-violent reform to the radical peace withstand,then to violent conflict,and finally to the terriosim,from mainly direct by new left to the postive Hippy.The tactics of the movement evoluted as the movement development.In 1960s,the impressed violent means just only a tiny part of the movement,the men who argue that the movement is entirely violent , is ,of course,incorrect.The participated Democracy,which derived from the experience of the SNCC,and developed by the SDS is significant.However,this institution has its faults which hardly be overcome,it is the important cause that many students participated SDS,while it is also the the significant cause that declined these organization.Chapter 2 Some characters of the American student movement in 1960sIn this chapter,we describe and analysis some of the character and argument in the 1960s student movement.This character and argument include several raltions ,such as the relation between the movement and the facult,the relation between the movement and the university admistration ,the relation between the movement and different universites and colleges,the relation between the movement and the students’ major,religion,ethnicity and status.Through the disscustion of these relaions ,we found:the attitude of the faculty varies to their different major ,statu,the time stayed in the campus,the religion inclination of the university and college.The faculty may let out their support if the movement moved from non-violent to the violent.There is no evidence that the rebel students has higher indentity to their mother.It is highly possible that what the students rebels is not their parents value,but their parents unconform in daily life to their value.The intersection of the power unit and the knowledge unit is one of the causes which lead to the intense between the admistraters of university and the faculty and students.Whatmore, the inability of university to deal with the crisis brought about the escalate of the conflict.Some university or college seems to morelikely to occur student rebels may due to their type(pulic or private),selective,scales and whether they have student movement in the history of the university or whether there is any sub-culture of youth in the university’s tradition.There is no evidence to say that there is any postive or passive relation between the education quality and the occur possibility of student movement.It has been argued that the activist mainly come from the middle class family,with high-educated parents and high income.A large part of them are jews.Their major is usually in humanity and social science.They usually deal with the intellectual concepts and idealogy.Some researchers argue that the rebel students has no alienation ,while other researches argue that their analysis show that the rebel students has higher degree of alienation.Chapter 3 The causes of the 1960s student movement in the United StatesIn this chapter ,the dissertation analysis and sort out the causes of the movement by borrowing the concepts of long period of time ,middle period of time ,and short period of time.The explanation of short period of time include:the multiply effect of the second world war and the cold war;the baby boom,the new way in educating child ;the more enrollment of the higher education;the affulence society;the disorder in culture;the technology improvement such as TV and condom .The middle period of time include:the legacy which the students movement in the united states before 1960s applied ;the transform of society( from the production society to the afflucence society);the disorder and transformation of culture .The explanation of long period of time include:the relation of youth and modernization;the special charater and life development of the youth.Chapter 4 The decline and the consequence of the movementIn this chapter ,we analysis the decline of the movement and the social effect of the movement briefly,but describe and analysis the long sequence of the movement to the person life circle.The end of the vietnam,the flaw of the strategy and organization ,the less of the students in universities,the decline of the economic in united stated and world ,the change of the foreign police of America ,the less attentions of the media,the political enviroment change to the conservertism in the united states,the withstand of the labor and the activists,the success of sicence and technology (such as the success of the Apollo plan )beat the believe of anti-sience among the activists,ect,the fators list above(and maybe others as well)lead to the decline of the student movement.The research at this period did not support the view that 1960s generation politics has discontinued,however,it is not support the continue view as well.On the one hand,the student of the later 1970s and 1980s go to university for the purpose of finding a good job ,on the other hand ,some of the former activist endeavor to remain their life style of youth in a long run.Compared with the unactivists ,they have recieved higher education while less income,marriged later and incline to have less children ,they also experss more liberated in religion and politics.The movement also have great effect on the society and culture.It not only make the analysis to Maxism more activity in the United States and make a well base for the movement of momen and gay ,but also in some degree to make the goverment give more intention to the problem of enviroment.The sprit of 1960s ,the rebel concious and the counter-culture spirit ,not only permeate into the daily life of the united stated ,but also become the key transform from the modern to the post-modern.And perhaps ,it is a culture revolution which followed political and economical revolution as well.更多还原