【作者】 杨昌珍；

【导师】 肖调义；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 渔业资源， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文采用形态学(个体水平),养殖性能(群体水平)、遗传学上核型分析三种不同方法和水平来对几种鲫鱼进行种质鉴定和评价。形态学(个体水平)方面主要通过传统形态学测定和框架测定相结合,采用SAS统计软件方差分析和聚类分析二种为主分析方法,对我国白鲫、普通鲫、红鲫、洞庭青鲫、彭泽鲫等五个品系的形态学特征进行了综合分析。差异分析中传统参数贡献较大的参数为:头长/眼径、头长/吻长、全长/体长、体长/体高、体重/体长3,100,F值分别为39.74,31.19,26.9,22.67,19.17。传统加框架分析结果表明对形态差异分析贡献较大的参数有:头长/眼径、头长/吻长、全长/体长、体长/提高、体重/体长~3*100,框架参数中的15、4、1、12、7。方差结果表明,红鲫,白鲫品系分别与普通鲫鱼、洞庭青鲫、彭泽鲫差异显著。两种分析方法结果比较一致,都比较好地对洞庭青鲫进行了种质鉴定。养殖性能(群体水平)方面主要采用Von-Bertalanffy生长方程和数理统计的方法,对洞庭青鲫和白鲫的生长特性,进行生长比较研究,结果表明,洞庭青鲫体长和鳞径的关系为:L=-163.265+22.72559R(r=0.999066);体重与体长的关系为:W=0.41348L2.20259(r=0.99787),Von-Bertalanffy生长方程为:Lt=39.72111*(1-e-0.25038(t+0.55587));Wt=1375.322(1-e-0.25038(t+0.55587))2.202599,其拐点年龄为3.742龄。生长特性作为鱼类养殖性能重要评价指标在洞庭青鲫与白鲫在生长特性的研究中得到确切的论证。发现苗云鲫、芙蓉鲫、洞庭鲫和普通鲫均为2倍体,染色体数2 n=100。核型公式依次为2n=26m+30sm+34st+10t:2n=20m+32sm+32st+16t;2n=30m+20sm+26st+24t:2n=26m+36sm+26st+12t。湘云鲫为3倍体,染色体数为3n=150,核型公式为3n=36m+42sm+45st+27t。综合三种方法比较研究表明,形态学、养殖学和遗传学的方法来鉴定鲫鱼鱼类的种质都比较有效。框架分析和判别函数分析、聚类分析中不同的指标贡献大小不一样,因此要注意选择最有效的指标,不同的鱼类在研究前也应进行筛选。三种方法中所采用的有效指标都是从不同层次、方面来反应不同的鱼类不同的质或者质的规定性,因此它们对建立鱼类种质数据库都不可缺少。更多还原

【Abstract】 Three kinds different method and horizontal are adopted on adopt the morphology (individual level),breeding the function(group level),the genetics to carry out the kind of quality appraisal and valuation on several kinds crucian in this text.Morphology(individual level) aspect combines mainly each other by the tradition morphology admeasurement and the frame admeasurement,adopt SAS to count software method difference analysis and clustering analysing two kinds give first place to analysis method,the characteristic has carried out comprehensive analysis on five strain morphologies such as white crucian carp of our country,this locality crucian carp,red crucian carp,hole court green crucian carp,Peng Ze county crucian carp.Difference analyses the middle tradition parameter contributing bigger parameter By:Strong point,the overall length/experience and observe strong point,long body/ body height,the weight/body grows 3,100 the head the long/eye footpath,the long/ kiss of head,F value is 39.74,31.19,26.9,22.67,19.17 respectively.Tradition adds a frame analyse result indicating pair of forms difference analysing contribution bigger parameter has:The head grows/the eye footpath,strong point,the overall length/experience and observe strong point,long/rise of body,the weight/body grow 3~* the head long/kiss 100,that the frame parameter is hit the target 15,4,1,12, 7.Analytical result indicates clustering,this locality crucian carp and white crucian carp form difference are not notable,other almost plants in a form to go ahead difference is all notable.Method difference result is indicated,red crucian carp,white crucian carp strain parts for and this locality crucian,green hole court crucian carp,Peng Ze county crucian carp difference are notable.Two kinds analysis method result is comparatively consistent,the quality having carried out a kind on green hole court crucian carp all comparatively good identifies that.The cultivation performance(community level) the aspect mainly uses Von-the Bertalanffy growth equation and the mathematical statistic method,to the Tungting lake blue crucian carp and the white crucian carp’s growth characteristic,conducts the growth comparison research,with Von-the Bertalanffy growth equation and the mathematical statistic method,This article showed the preliminary exploration of the growth characteristic of blue crucian carp,.The result indicated that,we can express the relations between the body length and the scale diameter of the blue crucian carp with this equation:L=-163.265+22.72559R(r=0.999066);as well as The body weight and the body length relations are:W=0.41348L2.20259(r=0.99787),Von-the Bertalanffy growth equation is:Lt=39.72111~*(1-e-0.25038(t+0.55587));Wt=1375.322 (1-e-0.25038(t+0.55587)) 2.202599.the growth flection point of the body weight locates on 3.724.The growth characteristic gets definite demonstration as important fish cultivation function valuation index in green hole court crucian carp and the white crucian carp research in the growth characteristic.Discover a seedling saying that crucian carp Seremban crucian carp hole court crucian carp and this locality crucian carp are the 2 times bodies without exception,the chromosome counts 2 ns=100.Core type formula is that Hunan says that crucian carp is 2n=26m+30sm+34st+10t;2n=20m+32sm+32st+16t;2n=30m+20sm+26st+24t;2n= 26m+36sm+26st+12t。the 3 times bodies in proper order,the chromosome counts 3ns= 150,core type formula is 3n=36m+42sm+45st+27t.That synthetical three kinds method comparison research indicates crucian fish species quality,comes identify the morphology,study of cultivation and the genetics method is all comparatively effective.Analysis and discriminant function analyse a frame,different index size of self’s contribution is different in clustering analysis,need to pay attention to choosing the most effective index therefore,different fish also should carry out preparation by screening before studying.Among three kinds method,the what be adopted effective index all is that they all are not allowed to be short of therefore to building the fish kind of quality data base never with arrangement of ideas,quality or the quality regulation that be unlike fish of reaction is unlike coming aspect.更多还原