【作者】 刘宇；

【导师】 颜合洪；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 当前的烤烟生产中,化肥被大量使用。由于化肥容易流失,利用率低,烟草种植中,提高化肥的用量已经不能有效的提高烟草品质,因此形成了巨大的资源浪费,并且对土壤造成严重破坏。而有机肥成本低、肥效持久、利用率高,能有效的改善土壤理化性状,并且能使烤烟生长所需营养均衡,改善烟叶内在品质,进而提高烤烟经济效益。本试验采用裂区设计,以品种为主因素,供试品种分别为红花大金元、DL02;以有机肥施氮量占总施氮量的比例为副因素,设计了五组有机-无机化肥比例,0%～40%。对十个处理进行比较,研究了在不同的的有机肥比例条件下的农艺性状、生理性状、经济性状、烤后烟叶品质和植烟后土壤的肥力。研究结果表明:1.施用有机肥对烤烟的农艺性状有促进效应,以10%～20%最佳。2.施用有机肥能促进烤烟的干物质积累,有机肥施用比例在10%～20%范围内,对烤烟根系、茎、叶的干物质积累的促进效应最佳,有机肥比例过高则造成烟株前期生长缓慢。3.施用有机肥会在一定程度上降低烤烟旺长期的叶绿素含量,但能提高烤烟的净光合速率,而当有机肥比例为40%时,会降低旺长期的净光合速率,施用有机肥对成熟期的叶绿素含量和净光合速率有促进效应。4.适量的施用有机肥对烤烟的产量、产值、上等烟比例、均价有促进作用,有机肥施用比例在10%～20%的范围内,烤烟的产值和均价都较高,比例在40%时,产值比对照低。5.施用有机肥能有效改善土壤状况,对保持土壤肥力作用显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chemic fertilizer is slathered in the tobacco production nowadays. As fertilizer can’t be holden in soil for a long time, the rate of efficient fertilizer is low. It can’t advance tobacco’s quality to increase the quantity of fertilizer, but make a large waste and havoc the soil. However, the organic fertilizer is cheaper, longer-hold and using higher than chemic fertilizer, while it can improve the physical and chemic character of the soil. Because it can give balanced plant food to tobacco, the organic fertilizer can improve the intrinsic quality of tobacco and increase the worth of tobacco.In this test, two varieties were studied as the main factor and the rate of organic fertilizer were studied as the ancillary factor. The rate of organic fertilizer is divided into five level, 0%～40%. The agriculture character、physiological character、economic character、the quality of tobacco and fertility of soil after harvest were studied. The results showed that:1. Organic fertilizer can improve the agriculture character of tobacco. The best level is 10%～20%.2. Organic fertilizer can increase the dry matter of tobacco. The effect is best when the rate of organic fertilizer is 10%～20%. The growth of tobacco will become slow when the rate turn too high.3. Organic fertilizer will play down the content of chlorophyll during fast growing stage and heighten it during the maturity stage. Organic fertilizer will heighten the net photosynthesis during the maturity stage.4. Organic fertilizer will improve the yield, production value, rate of upper-class leaf、and average value.5. Organic fertilizer can improve the status of soil, and keep its fertility.更多还原