【作者】 刘琳；

【导师】 刘为；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 政治学理论， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 自由是政治学的核心概念之一,长期以来一直被人们不厌其烦地热烈讨论。以赛亚·伯林对于积极自由与消极自由的区分远远不是结束了争辩,而毋宁说是使争论在这个理论格局之下走向了纵深,但人们的理论视野和政治想象力也因此受到了一定的限制。积极自由被和唯理主义一元论结合所带来的极权主义危险已经被伯林指出,但在当前现代性危机的语境下,由于人们对私域和消极自由的固守所带来的自由失落的危险则更加真实。在这两种自由之间的困境中,作为共和主义新罗马理论代表人物的佩迪特给出的第三种自由的方案或可说是一条更有前景的出路。这种旨在免于支配的第三种自由观沟通了消极自由和积极自由:它是一种消极的自由,但又超越了传统意义上的机械论的消极自由仅仅对无干涉领域的诉求,从而将自由与积极的公民参与结合在一起;它强调积极的政治参与,同时又没有诉诸某种一元论或目的论,而是为不可通约之善留下了空间,并与现代权利话语进行了很好的对话。为了实现无支配的自由,新罗马理论一方面强调法治,另一方面又提出论辩式民主,从而为民众争取不受支配的斗争提供了实际运作手段,使得公众对政府行为进行论辩的手段得到增强。简言之,无支配的自由既尊重和保护权利与私域,同时又不认为对于权利和消极自由的单纯固守可以做到自足,而是认为要靠政治行动来推进。这种以无支配定义的自由观超越了关于自由的两分对峙,为人们构想自由打开了新的想像空间,也为思考现代性政治危机的化解提供了一条可欲并且可能的思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Individual freedom is one of the core concepts in political philosophy, and has long been discussed. Isaiah Berlin’s distinction between positive freedom and negative freedom does not end the hot debate. Rather, it tends to drive it into more depth. At the same time, it has also seemed to limit the issue in a relatively narrow sphere. The risk of totalitarianism brought by the misuse of concept of positive freedom has been pointed out by Berlin, while, the danger coming along with the concept of negative freedom seems to be more threatening in the context of modernity crisis if we just simply concentrate on the development of individual rights in the private domain and ignore the concern of the public good. Between these two concepts of freedom, Offering a possible way to end the impasse, Phillip Pettit adds a third dimension of the concept of freedom, a freedom from domination, which forms the thesis of this author’s argument. This freedom from domination demands not only non-interference which is held dear by negative freedom, but also aims at bringing individual freedom and public participation together; by so doing, it links the private and the public spheres and individual rights, adheres pluralism without endorsing monism, which, according to Berlin, is one of the main negative consequences of positive freedom. In short, freedom from domination values individual rights but attempts to combat their potential political sluggishness; it pursues the rule of law, but leaves space for political action towards the public good.更多还原