【作者】 粟石军；

【导师】 曾光明；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 环境工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 地下水是水环境不可分割且十分重要的一部分。据估算,全世界的地下水总量多达1.5亿立方公里,几乎占地球总水量的十分之一,比整个大西洋的水量还要多!在我国,2006年全国矿化度≤2g/L地区的地下水资源量为7643亿m3,其中平原区地下水资源量为1668亿m3,山丘区地下水资源量为6284亿m3,平原区与山丘区之间的地下水资源重复计算量为309亿m3。随着经济建设的发展,片面追求经济利益最大化而忽视对环境的负面影响导致了地下水污染有逐年加重的趋势,这种现象在中小城镇等不发达地区尤其重要。随着全球经济的迅速发展,重金属通过矿山开采、金属冶炼加工、化工废水的排放、农药化肥的滥用,生活垃圾的弃置等人为污染及地质侵蚀、风化等天然源形式进入水中,而重金属污染又具有易被生物富集、并有生物放大效应、且毒性大等特点,因此重金属污染不仅污染了水环境,也严重危害了人类及各类生物的生存。目前,我国有关地下水污染治理的研究、实践和管理工作大大滞后于其污染的速度。而这种滞后,不仅直接导致了环境的恶化,更是引发了许多社会问题,严重的甚至危机到了社会安定。基于以上的诸多问题,本文以黄兴镇硫酸锰制造企业引起的地下水重金属严重污染为切入点,利用GIS技术对地下水环境污染的现状进行空间分析,并利用DRSASTIC模型对其污染因子评分。研究对黄兴镇的地下水重金属污染做出定量的风险评价,并给出评价因子的叠加图,最后提出地下水有效的综合治理方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Groundwater is an important and indiscerptible part of the whole water environment. The world’s total groundwater up to 150 million km 3, accounting for almost one-tenth of Earth’s total water, the water than the Atlantic more. In China, 2006 National salinity≤2 g / L of groundwater resources in the region to 764.3 billion m3, including groundwater resources in the plain area of 166.8 billion m3, in Hilly Areas of groundwater resources for 628.4 billion m3, plain and between in Hilly Areas The double counting of groundwater resources to 30.9 billion m3.With the development of economic construction many people、organization and even government sometimes only pursue the partial maximum profit but ignore the negative influence on the environment. So the contamination of groundwater becomes more and more serious with the passing of year. What’s more, this phenomenon is especially severe in many small towns and undeveloped areas.With the rapid global economic development, the heavy metal entries in the water through the artificial pollution、the geology corrodes and decency, such as mine mining、the metal smelting processing、the chemical waste emissions、the abusiveness of agricultural chemicals fertilizer and so on. But the heavy metal pollution is easily concentrated by the biology and it has the biology scale-up effect and it is also greatly toxic. Therefore the heavy metal not only has polluted the water environment, but also severely endangers the survival of humanity and each kinds of living things. Now in our country many work concerning research, practice and management of groundwater contamination lag behind the speed of groundwater pollution greatly. All of these not only lead to deterioration of environment but also arouse many social problems and even endanger social stability.Based on these problems the paper carries out investigations on groundwater pollution by heavy metal and take groundwater contamination in the town of Huangxing as the real example. It carries on the spatial analysis of the GIS technology to the actuality of the groundwater environmental pollution and grades its pollution factors through DRASTIC model. The paper makes the quantitative risk value to groundwater contamination of heavy metal of Huangxing town. Then it carries out the effective measures.更多还原