【作者】 王薇宇；

【导师】 李玲；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 水利工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文研究了复合污染条件下泥沙吸附污染物和泥沙冲淤运动对污染物输移扩散特性的影响,建立了非恒定非饱和输沙模型和污染物迁移转化模型,计算了观音岩水电站下游河道水流泥沙的变化分布和长江清溪场-万县河段总磷污染物浓度分布,验证了模型的准确性和可靠性。针对黄河河口段利津至清7河段芳烃类污染物的分布特性,分析研究在一定水流、泥沙条件下,芳烃类污染物在该河段的迁移转化规律,重点讨论了多组分共存的复合污染条件下三种芳烃类污染物之间的吸附竞争关系及其浓度变化情况。首先,以水流运动方程和泥沙输移方程为基础建立非恒定非饱和输沙模型,通过观音岩水电站下游河道水位过程和泥沙冲淤分布的实测资料对此模型进行了验证。其次,分别以溶解态和吸附态污染物为研究对象,建立了溶解态和吸附态污染物迁移转化的数学模型,采用悬移质吸附动力学方程作为确定模型参数的补充条件,通过长江清溪场-万县河段溶解态和吸附态总磷的实际监测结果验证了模型的有效性。对两种模型的验证,均取得了令人满意的结果。黄河的工业废污水排入量较大,污染物种类较多,尤其是黄河河口段利津至清7河段存在明显的有机复合污染情况。为此,建立了芳烃类污染物(包括苯酚、苯胺和氯苯)泥沙水质模型。在水流、泥沙计算的基础上,对复合污染条件下苯酚、苯胺和氯苯的迁移转化规律进行研究,并与单组分污染情况对比,分析了复合污染条件下三种污染物之间的竞争吸附关系。计算结果表明:研究河段从上游到下游先冲刷后淤积,溶解态污染物浓度值沿程降低,水量沙量越大,溶解态浓度值越低,吸附态浓度值变化与此相反。与单组分体系相比,三组分复合体系下各污染物之间的竞争吸附影响明显,苯酚和氯苯在泥沙上的吸附作用受到抑制,吸附态浓度值有所下降,溶解态浓度值升高,总体来说,吸附竞争能力苯胺>氯苯>苯酚。更多还原

【Abstract】 The influence of the pollutants adsorption and sediment motion on the pollutants transfer characteristics was studied in this paper. Unsteady-unsaturated sediment transport model and pollutants transport and transformation model were developed. The models were tested by numerical simulation of the water flow and sediment transport in the lower channel of Guanyinyan Hydro-power Station and of the concentration distribution of TP (Total Phosphorus) in the Yangtze River from Qingxichang to Wanxian section. The sediment motion and water quality model were established based on the characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons in the Yellow River from Lijin to Qing7 section, and the transport and transformation of the aromatic hydrocarbons, especially the adsorption competition of the combined pollutants, were discussed.The unsteady-unsaturated sediment transport model was developed based on the water and sediment motion equations. The validity of the model was verified by the measurement data of water level and sediment deposition and erosion in the lower channel of Guanyinyan Hydro-power Station. The soluble and absorbable pollutants transport and transformation models were built and the absorption dynamic equation was used to determine the parameters of models. The observation data of soluble and absorbable TP in the Yangtze River from Qingxichang to Wanxian section were used to test the models. The test results were satisfied.The Yellow River has been polluted by combined organic pollutants, especially the estuarine zone from Lijin to Qing7 section. Therefore the water quality model of aromatic hydrocarbons (including phenol, aniline and chlorobenzene)is established. Based on the calculation of the water flow and sediment motion, the transport and transformation of combined these three pollutants have been studied, and the adsorption competition of the combined pollutants has been analyzed. The calculated results showed that the erosion happens in the upper river and the deposition appears in the lower river, the concentration of soluble pollutants decreases along the river, especially when the quantity of the runoff and sediment is very large. The absorbable pollutants concentration distribution is other way round. Compared to the single pollutant, combined pollutants happen mutually the adsorption competition. It is concluded that the adsorption competition capability of aniline is strongest and the adsorption competition capability of phenol is weakest.更多还原