【作者】 陈斯婷；

【导师】 耿安朝；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 海洋化学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 对于建设项目的海洋环境影响评价,迄今尚缺乏系统性和可操作性的技术范式。与较早开展的其他环境要素的环境影响评价相比,海洋环境影响评价工作仍需在实践中加以完善。海洋环境由海洋水文动力、海洋水质、海洋沉积物、海洋生物与生态等多种环境要素组成,其对人类活动的敏感性因要素而异;同时,环境影响评价应根据建设项目的特点、规模以及工程所在海域的环境敏感程度,确定环境影响评价工作的等级;海洋环境质量现状调查与评价、海洋环境影响预测的范围和程度等,应该依据评价工作等级和建设项目的性质做出明确划分,确定科学合理的评价参数和方法。本文旨在实际工作基础上,从海洋环境的要素出发,尝试开展海洋环境影响评价的技术范式研究,使之更为成熟、合理,更具实用性和可操作性,为制定海洋环境影响评价技术导则提供理论依据和方法基础,在我国现阶段具有十分重要的现实意义。论文就如何划分海洋水文动力、水质、沉积物、生物和生态等环境要素的敏感区类型;如何划分各单项评价内容的评价工作等级;如何根据评价等级和建设项目的特征,确定环境现状调查内容、环境影响预测内容等方面开展研究。主要研究内容包括:(1)按照环境要素的不同,选取海洋水文动力环境、海洋水质环境、海洋生态环境这三项评价内容,科学、定性地划分各自的敏感区、亚敏感区和非敏感区。(2)根据建设项目所在地的环境敏感区类型,以及建设项目的污染排放特征等因素;参考《环境影响评价技术导则》(总则、地面水环境、大气环境、声环境、非污染生态影响等),定量化地确定各单项评价内容的环境影响评价工作等级。(3)根据不同评价等级和建设项目的特征,规范海洋环境质量现状调查的调查范围、调查断面和站位布设、调查时间和频率,以及调查参数。(4)根据不同的评价等级,确定海洋环境影响预测范围和内容,以及切实可行的预测方法。(5)以某干散货堆场建设项目和某货运码头建设项目开展案例研究,根据《海洋工程环境影响评价技术导则》(GB/T19485-2004)的技术方法提出纲要性的环境影响评价概要,再与本论文研究的技术方法做出对比分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 For marine environmental impact assessment of construction projects, so far we are short of technical paradigms that are systematic and workable. Compared with the earlier environmental impact assessment of other environmental elements, marine environmental impact assessment ought to be perfect in practice. Marine environment includes marine hydrodynamy, seawater quality, marine sediment, marine biology and ecology and other elements of marine environment. Their sensitivity to human activities may vary due to different elements. At the same time, determining the grades of environmental impact assessment should be based on the characters of construction project, the project’ scale and the environmental sensitivity of the area. Identifying the investigation of marine environmental quality and the range and extent of marine environmental impact forecast should be based on the grade of environmental impact assessment and the construction project’s characters. Then we can identify scientific and rational evaluation parameters and methods.From the elements of marine environment, this paper attempts to research on the technical paradigms on the basis of practical work to make them more mature and rational, more practical and feasible. It can provide the theoretical and methodical basis for constituting the technical guidelines for marine environmental impact assessment. It has very important practical significance at this stage in our country. The paper’s research is how to divide the types of sensitive areas of marine hydrodynamy, seawater quality, marine sediment, marine biology and eco-environment and other elements of marine environment; how to determine the grades of environmental impact assessment of respective evaluation contents; and how to identify the investigation of marine environmental quality and marine environmental impact forecast on the basis of the grades of environmental impact assessment and the construction project’s characters. The major contents can be summarized as follows.①The paper selects three evaluations of marine hydrological dynamic environment, seawater quality environment, and marine eco-environment in accordance with different elements. It tries to give the scientific and qualitative divisions of respective sensitive areas, less sensitive areas and non-sensitive areas.②The paper consults "Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment", such as on general programme, surfacewater environment, atmospheric environment, noise environment and ecological environment of nature resource’ development. According to the environment sensitive types of the seat of the construction project, and the characters of the construction project’s pollution emissions and other factors, it determines each evaluation’s grade of environmental impact assessment quantificationally.③According to different grades of environmental impact assessment and the construction project’s characters, it identifies marine environmental investigation, such as the investigation range, the investigation sections and stations, the investigation time and frequency, and the investigation parameters.④According to different grades of environmental impact assessment, it identifies marine environmental impact forecast.⑤Taking the construction projects of a dry bulk storage and a freight dock as examples, this paper describes the outlines of environmental impact assessment by "Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment of marine engineering"(GB/T19485-2004). And it makes comparative analyses with the outlines by the paper’s technical methods.更多还原