【作者】 徐书艳；

【导师】 张旭东；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 国际关系， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 关于政治民主化的研究是是政治学领域的一个非常重要的方面。印度尼西亚是东盟的重要一员,短时间内从一个威权统治的国家转变为一个比较民主的国家,这引起了国内外学术界很多学者的关注。目前,对二战后印尼政治民主化进程进行论述的非常多,但进行系统研究,并且同时关注最新改革动态的不是很多,本文尝试从这两个方面进行了初步的研究和分析。本文包括四章:第一章“苏加诺和苏哈托时期的政治状况”,简要论述了从二战后印度尼西亚建国起至1998年苏哈托政府下台前的印尼政治状况以及在此期间政治体制发生变化的原因;第二章“印尼政治民主化改革”,从宪政改革、政党制度改革、军队民主化改革和地方分权改革四个方面对印尼的政治民主化改革进行了详细论述和分析;第三章“印尼政治民主化改革的原因”,尝试从印尼政治民主力量的扩大、国际局势的影响和苏哈托统治的危机三个角度来分析印尼政治民主化改革的主要原因;第四章“印尼政治民主化改革的评析”,对印尼政治民主的现状作了初步分析,论述了印尼政治民主文化培养的重要性,并对印尼政治民主巩固的前景作了初步展望。“结论”部分主要是在总结前述四章的基础上,指出印尼政治民主化改革进程中需要注意的问题及其改革的重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research on political democratization has been an important aspect in the area of political field. Indonesia, an important member of ASEAN, has turned into a democratic country from an extreme authoritarian country, which attracts the attention of many scholars. Now, there are many papers about the process of Indonesian democratization, but the systematic dissertations which concern the new trend of democratic reform are still few. That’s why the research is important. This paper describes the history and status quo of Indonesian democratization, trying to analyze the political democratization in the round.Sukarno is the first president of the Republic of Indonesia and there are two phases during his governance: parliament democracy and "guided democracy". Indonesia started the transition from democracy to authoritarian regime during the Sukarno’s governance. When Soharto assumed the reins of government, Indonesia is famous for the political power combination of the "president, army and Golkar". There are three main reasons accounting for the transition from democracy to authoritarian regime: the democratic forces in Indonesia are still weak; the army’s contribution; the authoritarian tradition of political culture.Since 1998, when Soharto dropped the rein of government, Indonesia began the process of political democratic reform in all aspects. This paper makes a thorough analysis on Indonesian reform of political democratization, which includes the constitutional reform, the reform on party system, the reform on military democratization and the reform on decentralization. Of all, the constitutional reform is the most important aspect of Indonesian political democratization. Up to now, the reform has made a lot of achievements. Meanwhile, many unavoidable issues arise.The reform proceeds fiercely since the burst of the financial crisis in Southeast Asia. But the crisis is not the main reason why the reform started. This paper tries to find the main reasons of the Indonesian political democratization from three aspects: the enhancement of democratic force, the influence of the international situation, as well as the crisis of the rein of Soharto. There has been almost 10 years since the Indonesian political democratization started. As to the results, the academics have many arguments and can’t reach consensus. Indonesia is a country that is multi-ethnics, multi-religions, multi-culture and multi-languages. So, Indonesia has many "contextual problems" which is expressed by Samuel Phillips Huntington. The reform won’t be successful without the solution of these problems. Susilo , who used to be a general , was voted to be the president of Indonesia in 2004, which explains that the people want a strong government. During the governance of Susilo, the process of political democratization is more efficient than before. The consolidation of democracy depends on the formation of democratic political culture. It will take a long time for Indonesia to cultivate the democratic culture.更多还原