中国国有企业破产职工保护的法律问题

【作者】 贾晨明；

【导师】 刘士国；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 法律， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 在社会主义市场经济体制中,企业破产是一种正常现象,破产程序是企业退出市场的正常通道。国有企业破产涉及到广大职工的利益,由于我国国有企业的特殊性质及现阶段缺少对职工权益保护的法律规定与完善的社会保障制度,难免使国有企业破产职工的权益受到损害,也不利于社会的稳定与发展,以至于职工权益的保护问题日渐成为社会各界关注的焦点。笔者在前人研究的基础上提出了一些自己的拙见,希望对问题的解决有所帮助。本文共分四个章节:第一章讨论了三个大问题,第一个问题主要对中国国有企业的界定及国有企业面临的经济环境状况作了探讨;第二个问题讨论了中国国有企业破产职工权益保护,包括权益的理解,国有破产企业职工的范围,对国有企业破产中职工权益的理解及国有企业与非国有企业职工权益的区别;第三个问题讨论了中国国有企业政策性破产的概念,与中国企业破产的比较,政策性破产中存在的问题以及问题的解决方案等。在该章中笔者还对国有企业职工补偿的费用筹措问题提出建议。第二章对中外企业破产职工保护制度进行了比较。本章分三个小节:第一节讨论了日本破产企业的职工保护制度的建立、历史沿革以及日本ADR的新动向—不当劳动行为的审查;第二小结叙述了法国破产企业职工保护制度的建立、历史沿革及法国的劳动法典对其职工的保护;第三小结主要对日本、法国的破产制度与我国的破产制度进行了全方位的比较。通过比较,笔者总结出:中国国有企业在建国初期到改革开放之间走了一条国家资本垄断主义道路,在国家资本垄断主义时期,工人是没有对比性的,无论何种行业、何种职位都是一样的工资标准,这种无私的奉献是全世界其他工人阶级所没有的,因此,对我国这些国有企业的工人的补偿制定一些特殊的补偿标准,国家财政给予专项的补偿基金是很有必要的。此种补偿是其他国家没有出现过的,是中国国有企业特有的专项补偿制度。第三章主要讨论中国国有企业破产劳动债权的保护。本章分为两个小节:第一节内容包括劳动债权的概念、性质和特点,劳动债权的范围以及视为劳动债权的企业破产职工集资款求偿权等;第二节讨论了新《企业破产法》中对劳动债权的保护、劳动债权的破产参与权、劳动债权的受偿权等问题。第四章主要讨论了中国国有企业破产职工保护制度的完善。笔者总结出需要在以下几个方面对职工保护制度进行完善:职工的失业救济权利需要更好的保护,失业保险制度需要更进一步的完善;对失业职工劳动权的有效保障,以及玖馗髦质б等嗽钡脑倬鸵低揪丁Ａ硗?政策性破产由于其破产方式的特殊性,政策性破产的国有企业职工的安置措施也相应有其特殊性。新《企业破产法》对国有企业政策性破产作了新老划断,从而在立法上给予国有企业政策性破产职工确立了特殊性保护制度。文章总结了国有破产企业职工保护的现实状况,提出了用国家财政拨款建立专项国有企业破产职工补偿基金的形式来保障国有企业破产职工补偿及安置费用的落实问题的建议,并认为扶持中小型企业发展创造出更多就业岗位,完善相关法律法规,建立全国性的社会保障体系,能进一步在制度上保障中国国有企业破产职工的合法权益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bankruptcy is very common in the socialist market economic system, and bankruptcy proceeding is the right road to get out of the market. The right of the workers is involved in the bankruptcy of State-owned enterprises. But, because of the special of State-owned enterprises and the lacking of rules and system to protect the workers, it is difficult to avoid the hurt of workers’ right and the stability and development of the society. So, the protection of the workers has become the focus of the society. The writer brings out his own views on the base of others ’ , and wish to help resolve the questions.The article has four parts:The first part talks about three questions: the first question is mainly about the concept of State-owned enterprises and the economic environment situation State-owned enterprises faced; The second question is mainly about the understanding of the right, the range of the workers of State-owned enterprises, the difference of right between State-owned enterprises’ workers and Non-state-owned enterprises’ workers ; The third question is mainly about the concept of Policy-oriented bankruptcy, the comparison between Policy-oriented bankruptcy and common bankruptcy, the question in the Policy-oriented bankruptcy and how to resolve it. The writer brings out his own views on financing costs.The second part is the comparison between Chinese and foreign systems on protecting State-owned enterprises’ workers. This part has three sections: the first section talks about the establishment, development of the system to protect the workers of bankruptcy, and the new trends of ADR in Japan; the second section is about the establishment, development of the system to protect the workers of bankruptcy in France; the third section is mainly about the comparison of the system between Japan, France and Chinese.The writer gives out that the Chinese State-owned enterprises went through a Monopoly capitalist road from the early days to Reform and opening-up. In the Monopoly capitalist time, the workers have the same salaries no matter what kind of work, this situation is rare in other country. So, it is necessary to develop special compensation standard and compensation Fund. This kind of compensation is a special system of Chinese enterprises.The third part talks about the protection of Labor claims in Chinese enterprises that are bankrupt. This part has two sections: the first section talks about the concept, nature, characteristics and scrape of Labor claims and the right of workers to raise funds which is looked as Labor claims; the second section talks about the protection of Labor claims, the right to participate in bankruptcy of Labor claims, and the Repayment of Labor claims in the new "Enterprise Bankruptcy Law".The four part talks about the improvement of the protection system of State-owned bankrupt enterprises’ workers. The writer gives out that we should improve the system in these respects: the right to unemployment benefits of workers, the unemployment insurance system, the protection of Labor rights of unemployed workers and help the unemployed workers to find the re-employment channels and so on. Besides, because of the special way of bankruptcy of Policy-oriented bankruptcy, accordingly, the resettlement measure to unemployed workers is special, too. Because the new "Enterprise Bankruptcy Law" zones off policy-oriented bankruptcy, the rules give the workers special protection in the legislative level.The article summarized the condition of protection of the workers of state-owned enterprises, and suggested that we should ensure the compensate and settlement allowance of the workers come true by using state financial to set up special compensation found , and thought that creating more operating post by supporting medium and small enterprise, consummating relevant laws and statues , building up nationwide system of social security can ensure the right of the workers of state-owned enterprises in China in system.更多还原