【作者】 范文鹏；

【导师】 郭春华；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 行政管理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 放眼整个地球,自然资源迅速耗减甚至枯竭,如森林资源持续不足,草场资源严重退化,淡水资源日显匮乏,土地资源日益恶化,物种资源不断减少,矿产资源几近耗竭。人类所面临的已是一个满目疮痍、不堪重负的星球,而我国更是如此。环境、资源的困境恰是人与土地(奥尔多·利奥波德的土地概念,它不单单指实体的土地,而且包括生活在其上的动物、植物等以及由这些要素构成的一个地球生态系统,其适用于本文)关系紧张的突出表现,同时也表明及时、客观以及科学的处理人与土地的关系已成为人类目前面临的一大重要课题。人与土地紧张关系的出现,虽然与人类一些不良的生产、生活及消费习惯有一定的相关性,但造成这种情况出现的深层次原因是由于各国政府在经济发展的过程中,片面强调速度、效益,而忽略了环境、资源的承受能力,简而言之,政府政策的片面是造成人与土地问题紧张的深层次原因。而导致决策失误和执行决策不力的一个重要原因是行政伦理失范。利益倒错,公仆变主人;权力角逐,手段变目的;权力扩张,职权变特权;效率低下,盲目追求“政绩”;任人唯亲,买官卖官等是行政伦理失范的恰当表现。从表面上看,似乎其与环境的恶化,自然资源的枯竭并无关系,可仔细探究一番,便会得知正是由于政府和公务员的遵守伦理观念、意识差,时常为了一己私利和部门利益,往往以牺牲较大的环境、资源成本为决策的出发点,从而导致资源的内耗和浪费,造成环境恶化和不堪。因此行政伦理失范是造成人与自然环境恶化的深层次原因和根本原因,故应纠正行政伦理失范。但是政府和公务员克服了以上行政伦理失范,也不能从根本上解决人和土地的紧张关系。因为,我们现在提倡的行政伦理都是在“人类中心论”的理念下总结出的伦理规范,即只有有利于人类的利益增长和获取有利的伦理,才是我们应遵守的伦理。而未将遵守自然界每一个生命体的生存权、发展权作为人类行为的伦理指导,而这恰恰是解决人类与土地和谐相处的治本之策。因此本文在界定狭义土地伦理概念和广义土地伦理概念,批判“人类中心论”和土地行政中的违法行为的基础上,构建我国土地行政伦理体系,主要是土地制度伦理和土地行政人员伦理,并制定实现土地行政伦理的相关措施和途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Looking at the whole world, the natural resources are being the rapid depletion, such as the continuing lack of forest; serious degradation of grassland, significant shortages of freshwater; deteriorating land; declining species; depletion of mineral resources nearly. Human, especial China, is in a devastated, overwhelmed the planet. The plight of environment and resources have highlighted the tense relations of human and land (Leopold , land of this paper does not just refer to entities of the land, but also the animals, plants and so on. these elements constitute Earth’s ecosystem). But also timely, objective and scientific approach to deal with relationship of land and mankind has become a major important subject. Although the tense relationship between land and mankind has a certain relevance with some adverse the production, life and consumption habits, but the deep-seated reason is that the Governments in the process of economic development, emphasize on speed and efficiency, ignore the capacity of the environment, resources, in shortly, one-sided government policies are the deep-seated causes of the tension of land and mankind. An important reason of the decision-making errors and poor implementation of decision-making is the Ethical loss.Upside down-interests, public servants have changed masters; contested-power means have changed purposes; expend-ed power, privileges changed reference; inefficiency, political achievements are chased blindly and so on. These are the appropriate performance of loss of ethics. On the surface, there is no relationship between the loss of ethical loss and deterioration of the environment, depletion of natural resources. Thinking over carefully, they will know that leading to the internal friction, waste of resources and environmental deterioration is poor ethical concepts and awareness of the Government and civil servants. They often make decisions for their own interests and departmental interests at the expense of the larger environment and resources. So the deterioration of the natural environment is caused by ethical loss. It is the deep-seated causes and root causes, it must be the corrected.However, the Government and civil servants overcome the loss of the ethics, It can not fundamentally resolve the tension between people and land. Because the ethics-advocated are summed up according to the "human-centered" concept summed up. We abide by the ethical that is only conducive to the growth and access of human interests. It does not comply with subsistence, the right to development of every life, which is policy indicators on harmony between human with land.So on the basis of definition of narrow and generalized concept of land, criticizing the "human-centered" and land violations in the administration. I try to construct of China’s land administration system of ethics, namely, ethics of land system and officer ethics. Relevant measures and means are developed to achieve the ethics of land administration.更多还原