【作者】 江建华；

【导师】 洪德林；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 粳稻不同品种成熟时有两种穗型:直立穗和弯曲穗。直立穗品种穗角小,弯曲穗品种穗角大。生产实践中,穗角小的直立穗品种产量较高,但品质较差;穗角大的弯曲穗品种品质较好,但产量较低。然而,这种现实中观察到的穗角与产量和米质之间的关系,是无意中选择的结果还是这些性状之间存在着必然的联系呢?产量性状包括农艺性状、穗部性状和谷粒性状,品质性状包括碾磨品质、外观品质、蒸煮食用品质和营养品质,穗角大小与这些性状的关系是否都一致呢?此类研究尚未见报道。本研究利用两种穗型粳稻品种杂交产生的349个株系组成的重组自交系（RIL）群体为材料（未经选择的群体）,对穗角与谷粒性状以及穗角与品质性状之间的相关性进行了分析。并且为了实现水稻育种高产与优质的结合,本研究还利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,对7个谷粒性状和12个品质性状的遗传进行了分析,获得结果如下:一、2005年测定了粳稻直立穗品种丙8979和弯曲穗品种C堡杂交后代一粒传构建的349个重组自交系穗角和7个谷粒性状及12个稻米品质性状,分析了穗角与谷粒性状之间及穗角与米质性状之间的相关性。结果表明,穗角与7个谷粒性状中的谷粒厚、谷粒体积和谷粒容重3个性状,与米质12个性状中的糙米率、整精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度、糊化温度、胶稠度和直链淀粉含量7个性状线性相关均不显著;与谷粒宽、谷粒长宽比、精米率和精米长宽比均呈显著或极显著正相关,但决定系数分别只有0.023、0.029、0.0154和0.058,在生物学上这种线性相关意义不大。穗角与稻谷千粒重、谷粒长、精米粒长呈极显著正相关,决定系数分别达到0.15、0.15和0.22,说明在稻谷千粒重和谷粒长和粒长的变异中,分别有15%、15%和22%左右的变异是由穗角的变异引起的,这种极显著的线性正相关具有一定的生物学意义。因此,在未经穗角选择的群体中,粳稻穗角大小对稻谷千粒重、谷粒长和精米粒长的影响较大,而对其他谷粒和米质性状的影响甚微。所以通过对弯曲穗品种谷粒性状的选择或直立穗品种米质性状的选择是可以选择到优质高产的弯曲穗品种和高产优质的直立穗品种的。由此可知,粳稻穗角与谷粒千粒重之间有一定的正相关关系,但与品质之间并不存在必然的联系,通过遗传改良预期能够获得高产优质新品种。因此有必要进一步对谷粒性状和品质性状的遗传进行分析。二、2005年和2006年调查了粳稻直立穗品种丙8979、弯曲穗品种C堡及其杂交后代一粒传构建的349个重组自交系(2005/F_7:8;2006/F_8:9)的稻谷千粒重、谷粒长、谷粒宽、谷粒厚、谷粒长宽比、谷粒体积和谷粒容重7个谷粒性状。运用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型和P₁、P₂和RIL群体联合分析的方法,对这7个性状进行了遗传分析。两年结果均表明:①谷粒千粒重受2对连锁主基因+多基因控制,2对主基因具有显性上位性作用;谷粒长和谷粒容重均受2对连锁加性主基因+多基因控制,2对主基因具有加性×加性的上位性作用;谷粒宽和谷粒长宽比均受2对主基因+多基因控制,2对主基因具有互补作用和加性×加性的上位性作用;谷粒厚受2对连锁主基因+多基因控制,2对主基因具有隐性上位性作用;谷粒体积受2对连锁主基因+多基因控制,2对主基因具有互补作用和加性×加性的上位性作用。②谷粒千粒重和谷粒长2个性状以主基因遗传为主,谷粒宽、谷粒厚、谷粒长宽比、谷粒体积和谷粒容重5个性状以多基因遗传为主。三、2005年调查了上述重组自交系群体糙米率、精米率、整精米率、精米粒长、精米粒宽、精米长宽比、垩白米率、垩白大小、垩白度、糊化温度、胶稠度和直链淀粉含量12个米质性状。运用上述同样的方法,对这12个性状进行了遗传分析。结果表明:①糙米率、精米率和直链淀粉含量均受2对连锁主基因+多基因共同控制,2对主基因具有累加作用和加性×加性的上位性作用;整精米率、精米粒宽、精米长宽比、垩白大小和胶稠度受2对连锁加性主基因+多基因共同控制,2对主基因具有加性×加性的上位性作用;精米粒长、垩白米率、垩白度和糊化温度均受3对加性主基因+多基因共同控制,3对主基因具有加性×加性×加性的上位性作用。②糙米率、精米率、整精米率、精米粒长、精米粒宽、垩白米率、垩白大小、垩白度和糊化温度以主基因遗传为主;精米长宽比、胶稠度和直链淀粉含量以多基因遗传为主。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are two kinds of panicle type,erect and curve,in japonica rice（Oryza sativa L.） varieties at maturity stage.Erect panicle type variety with small panicle angle has higher yield and worse quality than that of curve panicle type variety with large panicle angle（Lü） W-Y,et al,1997;Yang J,et al,1999).However,it is unknown that the relationship between panicle angle and yield,between panicle angle and rice quality,observed in reality was the result of unconscious selction or inherent.Yield traits included agronomic traits,panicle traits and grain traits.Quality traits included milling quality,appearance quality,cooking and eating quality,and nutritional quality.It is unknown that the relationship between these characters and panicle angle was consistent.In this paper,we analysed the correlationship between panicle angle and grain traits,between panicle angle and quality traits by using 349 recombinant inbred lines（unselected population） derived from the two panicle types of japonica rice（Oryza sativa L.）.And genetic segregation analysed of rice quality and grain trait was also carried out using the mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model. Main results were summarized as follows.1.The linear correlation among panicle angle and 7 grain traits and 12 rice qualities were studied by using the RIL population in Japonica rice in 2005.We found that no significant linear correlation existed between panicle angle and grain thick,grain volume, grain weight by volumn in the 7 grain traits,and between panicle angle and brown rice rate,head rice rate,chalky rice percentage,chalkyness area,gelatinization temperature,gel consistency and apparent amylose content in the 12 rice quality traits.Significant positive or high significant positive correlation was observed between panicle angle and grain width, length-width ratio of grain,milled rice rate,length-width ratio of milled rice.However,the determination coefficients were 0.023,0.029,0.0154 and 0.058 respectively.The correlation had little practicle meaning in biology.High significant positive correlation between panicle angle and 1000-grain weight,grain length,milled rice length was observed. The determination coefficients were 0.15,0.15 and 0.22,respectively,indicating that this significant linear correlationship had meaningful in biology（Table 2-2）.Therefore,in unselected population,panicle angle had influence on 1000-grain weight,grain length, milled rice length,while had little effect on other grain and quality traits.To sum up, panicle angle showed certain positive correlationship with 1000-grain weight,while had no correlationship with qualities inherently.It is possible to breed new cultivar with high yield and high quality by genetic improvement.2.Phenotypic distributions were investigated for 1000-grain weight,grain length, grain width,grain thick,length-width ratio of grain,grain volume and grain weight by volume in P₁,P₂ and RILs derived from Bing 8979（erect panicle）×C Bao（curve panicle） in 2005 and 2006.Genetic segregation analyses for the seven traits were conducted by using mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance models and joint analysis method of P₁,P₂ and RILs.Same results were obtained in 2005 and 2006.The results were as follows①1000-grain weight was controlled by two linked major genes plus polygenes.The two major genes expressed dominance-epistatic effects（Table 3-4）.Grain length and grain weight by volume were controlled by two linked major genes plus polygenes The two major genes expressed additive×additive-epistatic effects（Table 3-9,Table 3-34）.Grain width and length-width ratio of grain were controlled by two major genes plus polygenes.The two major genes expressed complementary effect and additive×additive-epistatic effects（Table 3-14,Table 3-24）.Grain thick was controlled by two linked major genes plus polygenes.The two major genes expressed recessiveness-epistatic effects（Table 3-19）.Grain volume was controlled by two linked major genes plus polygenes.The two major genes expressed complementary effect and additive×additive-epistatic effects（Table 3-34）.②1000-grain weight and grain length were mainly governed by major genes（Table 3-6,Table 3-11）.Grain width,grain thick,length-width ratio of grain,grain volume and grain weight by volume were mainly governed by polygenes（Table 3-16,Table 3-21,Table 3-26,Table 3-31,Table 3-36）.3.Phenotypic distributions were investigated for brown rice rate,total milling rate, head rice rate,milled rice length,milled rice width,length-width ratio of milled rice,chalky rice percentage,chalkyness area,chalkiness,gelatinization temperature,gel consistency and apparent amylose content in P₁,P₂ and RILs derived from Bing 8979（erect panicle）×C Bao（curve panicle） in 2005.Genetic segregation analyses for the twelve traits were conducted by using mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance models and joint analysis method of P₁,P₂ and RILs.Research results were as follows①Brown rice rate,milled rice rate and apparent amylose content were controlled by two linked major genes plus polygenes.The two major genes expressed additive effect and additive×additive-epistatic effects（Table 4-3,Table 4-8,Table 4-58）.Head rice rate,milled rice width,length-width ratio of milled rice,chalkyness area and gel consistency were controlled by two linked additive major genes plus polygenes.The two major genes expressed additive×additive -epistatic effects（Table 4-13,Table 4-23,Table 4-28,Table 4-38,Table 4-53）.Milled rice length,chalky rice percentage,chalkiness and gelatinization temperature were controlled by three additive major genes plus polygenes.The three major genes expressed additive×additive×additive -epistatic effects（Table 4-18,Table 4-33,Table 4-43,Table 4-48）.②Brown rice rate,milled rice rate,head rice rate,grain length,grain width, chalky rice percentage,chalkyness area,chalkiness and gelatinization temperature traits were mainly governed by major genes（Table 4-5,Table 4-10,Table 4-15,Table 4-20, Table 4-25,Table 4-35,Table 4-40,Table 4-45,Table 4-50）.Length-width ratio of milled rice,gel consistency and apparent amylose content traits were mainly governed by polygenes（Table 4-30,Table 4-55,Table 4-60）.更多还原