【作者】 郎晓峰；

【导师】 徐阳春；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 植物营养， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过盆栽和田间试验,研究了有机无机复混肥对小麦和玉米产量、作物吸氮量、土壤矿质氮以及氮肥利用率等的影响,旨在揭示有机无机复混肥的作用机制,为有机无机复混肥料的推广施用提供理论依据,获得了以下结果:1.盆栽条件下,有机无机肥料配施与化肥等氮施用相比,小麦产量提高1.3%-40.0%,氮肥利用率增加5.2%-44.3%。2.田间条件下,施用有机无机复混肥玉米籽粒、棒轴和秸秆产量分别比单施等氮量化肥处理平均增加19.2%、16.1%、45.6%,其中,鸡粪复混肥和菜粕复混肥配比1的产量增幅较大。小麦-玉米轮作田间试验中,有机无机复混肥处理小麦产量比单施化肥处理平均增加11.8%,其中,菜粕复混肥1、猪粪复混肥2和鸡粪复混肥均与化肥处理差异显著;各复混肥处理小麦后茬玉米的籽粒产量、棒轴产量、秸秆产量分别比单施化肥处理平均增加10.2%、8.0%、38.0%。施用有机无机复混肥比单施化肥能明显提高作物产量,且以鸡粪和菜粕复混肥处理增幅较大。3.田间试验作物收获时,有机无机复混肥处理的土壤矿质氮含量均高于单施化肥处理,分别比单施化肥增加31.3%-107.4%、5.9%-46.8%、7.8%-34.1%和39.5%-105.7%。表明有机无机复混肥可以调节和改善土壤氮素供应状况,提高土壤对氮素的“缓冲”能力,改善土壤供氮特征,提供较为平稳的土壤氮素供应过程。4.与单施化肥相比,田间试验作物收获时,各有机无机复混肥处理的作物氮素累积量增幅为3.8%-31.1%,氮肥利用率增幅为16.1%-144.2%,氮肥农学效率平均增幅为30.2%。施用有机无机复混肥能明显提高作物的氮肥利用率,尤以鸡粪和菜粕复混肥处理最为显著。综上所述,施用有机无机复混肥可以改善土壤氮素供应状况和过程,提高土壤供氮能力,为作物生长提供良好的氮素营养条件,提高氮肥利用率,获得比单施无机肥料更高的产量,表明在农业生产中有机无机复混肥具有广阔的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Both pot and field experiments were carried out to study the effect of application of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers on the growth and yields of maize and wheat, nitrogen uptake of crop, soil mineral nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency. The results obtained are listed as follows:1 Wheat yields in the treatment applied with organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers were increased by 1.32%-40% compared with chemical fertilizer in the pot experiment. The nitrogen use efficiency was 5.2%-44.3% higher in the treatment applied with organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers than chemical fertilizer.2 The yield of maize grain, comb, straw were increased by 19.2%, 16.1%, 45.6% in the treatments applied with the organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers, respectively, compared with the chemical fertilizer alone in the field experiment. The yield increments in the treatments applied with rapeseedcake compost and chicken manure compost organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers were higher than any other treatments. In wheat-maize rotation system, the wheat grain yield was increased by 11.8% in the organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers plot compared with in the chemical fertilizer alone plot. In the succeeding maize field experiment, the yield of grain, comb, straw were increased by 10.2%, 8.0%, 38.0% in the application of the organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers compared with the chemical fertilizer alone, respectively. The application of the organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers could increase the yield of wheat and maize compared with the application of chemical fertilizer.3 Soil mineral nitrogen contents in the plot of application of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers were higher than the treatment of application of chemical fertilizer alone in the harvest time. Soil mineral N of those 4 kinds of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer, for example, were increased by 31.3%-107.4%, 5.9%-46.8%, 7.8%-34.1%, 39.5%-105.7%, respectively. Application of the organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers could synchronize the soil nitrogen supply with the requirement by crops.4 Compared with the treatment of chemical fertilizer, nitrogen accumulation in those 4 kinds of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer treatments were increased by 3.8%-31.1%, and nitrogen use efficiency were increased by 16.1%-144.2%, and nitrogen agricultural use efficiency (kg grains/kg N) was averagely increased by 30.2%. To conclude, the application of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers could improve the soil nitrogen supplying characteristics and synchronize the soil mineral nitrogen supplying process with the nitrogen requirement by crops. And the application of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers could increase the yield and the nitrogen use efficiency.更多还原