【作者】 姚向辉；

【导师】 安海忠； 郭宏；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 项目管理， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 在顾问行业中已有共识,企业管理类型的软件开发项目很少有能够按时完成的。究其原因,需求变更、沟通不力、技术架构、人力水平等均与之相关,而在这些因素中,最根本的诱因则是客户的需求经常处于变更之中。企业管理类型的软件开发项目自有其独特之处,它和ERP实施项目、产品开发项目等都有不同之处,简单来说,就是客户的需求是随着项目的开展逐步更迭和完善的。弄清楚客户的需求变更是如何影响整体项目的,以及如何在此种类型的项目中处理好客户的需求变更,这已经成为顺利完成此类项目的关键因素。本论文从系统动力学的角度对需求变更如何影响到整体项目完成的机制进行了深入探讨,在对因果链上的环节进行逐个分析后,得出了解决问题的一条有效路径:利用需求依赖理论重整项目中牵涉到的业务实体和业务过程,在此基础中,量化分析每一个需求点的变更所带来的全局影响,根据结果制作出可供查询的各需求在变更后产生的资源总投入表格;另外,根据需求依赖理论的要求,提出了面向变更的系统技术架构。本论文的主要内容有:上海航空CRM项目的需求概述和所使用的需求管理、需求变更管理流程简介利用系统动力学对需求变更的影响机制进行的分析基于上海航空CRM项目,讲述如何利用需求依赖理论重构需求网络和量化需求点的影响因子提出面向变更的系统技术架构更多还原

【Abstract】 It is a common sense in consultant industry that hardly projects about developing management software system in corporations can be accomplished in planned time duration. Reason of why can be categorized into too many requirement changing, bad communication, deficient system structure and personal abilities. However, the most fundamental one is that requirements of client are always in a status of altering old ones and replacing with new ones. The unique aspect of software development projects differs from ERP implementation projects and product projects is that requirements of customers always refined and modified in the process of different phases of projects. To understand how requirement changing affect the project in the scale of whole project, and how to handle requirement changing in this kind of projects, are in fact key factors of success in this kind of projects.This thesis is trying to discuss how requirement changing affects the target of project in the sense of mechanism and causality. After analysis each token in the chain of cause and effect, we try to bring up an effective method to solve the predicament. Our proposal is to use dependency theory to re-arrange the business entities and business procedures and, based on which, to measure the effect of changing of each requirement node to build up a table containing resource super-addition of each node while changing. We also try to put up a new system technology structure which can be called“changing oriented.”This thesis is mainly about:Requirement managing process and requirement change managing process we used in Shanghai Airline CRM project, and some samples of the result.Using system dynamics to analysis the mechanism of how requirement changing affect the whole project.Based on Shanghai Airline CRM project, to discuss how to re-arrange requirement network and measure the affection factor of each requirement node.To put up a“Change Oriented”technology structure.更多还原