【作者】 李杰；

【导师】 周风山；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 应用化学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 工业污水中含有各种悬浮物、胶体颗粒以及各种造成较高化学耗氧量(COD)的有机污染物,必须采用必要的絮凝技术进行处理。本文针对污水的浊度和COD两个污水处理中的常见的重要问题,通过对无机絮凝剂原理、存在问题与发展趋势的认识与研究,针对工业污水的特点制备了功能性高分子絮凝剂,主要内容包括无机高分子絮凝剂聚合硫酸铁(PFS)的合成、复合高分子絮凝剂(PMC)系列以及强化絮凝剂(BTA)系列复合絮凝剂的制备与应用性能评价。硫酸亚铁-氯酸钠直接氧化法制备PFS系采用氯酸钠为氧化剂,硫酸为调节剂,高锰酸钾作为催化剂酸性条件下制备,通过调节硫酸的含量确定了最佳体系质量配比为硫酸亚铁:氯酸钠:高锰酸钾:浓硫酸=30:2:0.5:6;并通过对硫酸加量对产品性能稳定性的影响规律研究确定nSO42-:nFe3+<3:2时PFS状态稳定且性能比较优异。实验产品对模拟污水除浊率达到90%以上,COD脱除率达到40%左右,通过对产品结构与成分的分析得出硫酸亚铁转化率达到67%。凹凸棒(ATP)是一种含水镁铝硅酸盐粘土矿物,也是一种具有高吸附性的多孔环境矿物材料,在工业污水处理领域有很高的应用价值。本文在本课题组前人工作的基础上利用预胶化淀粉(CStarch)、预水化ATP和无机高分子絮凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC),通过各组分的正效益增益,合成了一种矿物基多核高分子絮凝剂PMC,并通过改进体系的配比研究,提高了产品的稳定性,解决了原产品中ATP含量过低,产品不稳定的问题。体系中CStarch含量从15.3%提高到30%时,体系中水化ATP含量从4.5%提高到8.8%,在加量达到100ppm时絮凝除浊效果达到95%以上,且体系稳定性更强。在西林钢铁厂循环水净化处理工业实验中除浊率达到92%。依据异相成核、差降絮凝理论以及对矿物粘土结构与性能的认识,利用膨润土为絮凝剂基体,复合多种助剂,通过对其影响因素及适用环境的研究,制备出了一种复合矿物基强化絮凝剂(BTA)。通过其与固体PAC的性能比较发现其在除浊性能方面达到PAC同等的效果,模拟水悬浮物实验评价中除浊率达到99%,而沉降时间只是传统PAC的50%。更多还原

【Abstract】 The industrial wastewater contain various suspending substances, colloidal particulates and organic pollutant which could cause a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity, so it should be treated by flocculants. Aim at the most important topic - turbidity and COD. By researching flocculating theory, existing problems and trend of development, according to the features of waste water we synthesized the functional macromolecular polymer flocculants. This paper mainly contains synthesizing the inorganic flocculants poly ferric sulfate (PFS), producing the compound macromolecular flocculant PMC, producing the enhanced flocculant BTA and evaluating their performances.Ferrous sulfate -sodium chlorate oxidation method is to use sodium chlorate as the oxidant, sulfuric acid as the regulator and potassium permanganate as the catalyzer. Synthesizing the PFS under acidity condition. The opitmized mass weight ratio should be 30:2:0.5:6 (ferrous sulfate: sodium chlorate: potassium permanganate: sulfuric acid), and confirm that when n(SO42-):n(Fe3+) less than 3:2 the performances of PFS will be excellent. Experimental sample turbidity removal rate approached 90%, COD removal rate reached 40%. Through structure and composition analysis, the ferrous sulfate conversion rate achieved 67%.Attapulgite (ATP) is a hydrated silicate magnesium-aluminium clay minerals, also is a porous environmental mineral materials with absorption ability. It would have a high application value in the fields of industrial sewage treatment. Based on the former researched work by our team, which synthesized a mineral-based polymer of multi-core coagulant (PMC) used the pregelatinized starch, prehydratic attapulgite and inorganic polymer flocculants poly (aluminium chloride) (PAC), the thesis researched the effective interactions of the slected raw materials especially optimaized the addition of ATP and pregelatinized starch, increasing the mass weight of prehydratic attapulgite from 4.5% to 8.8% while the pregelatinized starch up to 30% from 15.3%, improved the stability of PMC during storage term. When the dosage reaches to 100ppm the turbidity removal rate is above 95% and the stability is enhanced. Meanwhile, industrial field application in circulating water treatment in Xilin Steel and Iron Factory showed that the turbidity removal rate up to 92%.Based on the theores of heterogeneous nucleation and difference flocculation, and the acquaintance for the structure and function of clay minerals, the paper seleced bentonite as the flocculants matrix compound with servals ingredients to make an enhanced flocculant BTA, and researched its applied environments and influence factors. Comparing the performances of PAC can be found that BTA has the same effect in turbidity removal. Experimental evaluation of suspended solids simulation water, turbidity removal reached 99%, while the settling time is shorter 50% than PAC.更多还原