【作者】 王群来；

【导师】 周风山；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 应用化学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 丙烯酰胺(AM )、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯腈(AN)的分子中都含有C=C,而且分别含有-CONH2、-COOH、-CN这些活泼性官能团,易于自聚或与其它烯类单体共聚,采用不同单体进行共聚,可得到不同结构和性能的共聚物,用途极广,可作钻井液降滤失剂、油井水泥降滤失剂、聚合物驱油剂和水处理絮凝剂等。凹凸棒(ATP)是一种含水镁铝硅酸盐的层状粘土矿物,它具有特殊的纤维结构、独特的分散、耐温、耐盐碱等良好的胶体性质和较高的吸附脱色能力,并具有一定的可塑性和粘结力,在各行各业中被广泛使用。由于凹凸棒石具有链层状结构,因此,利用AM、AN、AA单体在其层间进行插层或接枝聚合反应,从而制备无机-有机共聚物;首先尝试合成该无机-有机共聚物,用做纺织行业的上浆剂,希望能克服市场上的烯酸类浆料存在的吸湿再粘问题,在提高丙烯酸类浆料性能的同时,最大程度取代聚乙烯醇;并提高其固含量,降低成本。本论文通过对合成工艺的探讨,找到了其合适的合成工艺:引发剂为工业级过硫酸铵、加量为1%、反应温度为80℃、ATP加量为5%;并通过一些简单的性能评价,证实了其有良好的性能。针对常用的丙烯酰胺类聚合物钻井液降滤失剂在油田开发中存在着对盐敏感、剪切稳定性差及温度稳定性差等弱点,探讨合成具有独特的空间三维分子结构的无机-有机多元共聚物。这类产品分子链刚性大、耐温抗盐和耐剪切能力强,可以用作钻井液抗盐耐高温降滤失剂。本论文通过对单体配比、引发剂加量、凹凸棒石含量、反应时间等因素进行探讨,然后通过抗饱和盐水性能测试和抗高温性能测试来寻找最优合成工艺配方。最佳工艺配方为:0.2%引发剂,5%凹凸棒石,反应时间1h,反应温度98℃左右。实验结果表明,该降滤失剂有很强的抗饱和盐水能力和抗高温能力;抗盐耐高温降滤失剂方面,可抗150℃-180℃高温。通过红外光谱测试来探讨其结构,证明该共聚物是一种无机-有机纳米复合材料。其与市场上同类产品相比,具有成本较低,性能优越等特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 All of the acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), acrylonitrile (AN) contain carbon-carbon double bond (C=C), and contain, respectively, such active and functional groups as -CONH2, -COOH, -CN, making it easy to self-polymerization or copolymerization with other vinyl monomers. To copolymerize different monomers, we can obtain copolymers with various kinds of structures, properties and wide applications. The copolymers can be used as filtrate control agents for drilling fluid, filtrate control agents of oil well cementing, oil drive polymers in water flooding, water treatment flocculants and so on.Attapulgite (ATP) is a hydratic magnesium-aluminium layered silicate clay minerals, with a special fiber structure, good colloidal properties such as unique dispersion, temperature resistance and salt-alkaline resistance, etc., higher adsorption decoloring capacity, certain plasticity and bonding strength, all of which make it used widely in all of life.As a result of attapulgite’s layered structure, therefore, the thesis used AM, AN and AA as monomers reacting in interbed or graft polymerization reaction, so as to prepare inorganic-organic copolymer. First of all, we tried to synthesize this inorganic-organic copolymer, used as a sizing agent in textile industry, hoping to overcome the moisture absorption and viscidity problems of the acrylic sizing agent which affected their market potentials, to replace polyvinyl alcohol to the greatest degree while improving the performance of acrylic sizing agent. At the same time, the solid content is hoped to be enhanced, costs to be reduced. In this paper, through the discusses of synthesis process, we find the suitable technique: 1% industrial-grade ammonium persulfate as initiator, reactive temperature 80℃, 5% addition amount of ATP; and through some simple performance evaluation, its good performance was confirmed.In view of the weaknesses of salt-sensitivity, worse shear stability and temperature stability of acrylamide polymer filtrate control agents in oil field development, we explored the synthesis of inorganic-organic monomer polymers with unique three-dimensional molecular structure. These samples have rigid molecular structure, and higher temperature / salt resistance and shear-resistant ability, can be used as a drilling filtrate control agent of salt resistance and high temperature resistance. In this paper, through the exploration of factors such as the ratio of monomers, initiator amount, attapulgite content, reaction time, etc, and then through performances test of saturated brine resistance and high temperature resistance, we sought an optimized synthesis process formula. The optimized formula is: 0.2% initiator, 5% attapulgite, reaction time 1 hour and the reaction temperature around 98℃. Experimental results showed that the filtrate control agent has strong saturated brine resistance and high temperature resistance capability, currently resistant to high temperature 150℃-180℃. Through infrared spectroscopy tests to explore the structure, it proved that the copolymer is a kind of inorganic-organic nanocomposites. In addition, compared to similar products on the market, it has superior performances and a lower cost.更多还原