【作者】 张美静；

【导师】 万力；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 水文学及水资源， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来水平井由于其在许多领域的应用较垂直井优越得多,因此在地下工程、海底工程和石油工程、污染物修复、水文地质工程中得到了广泛的应用和研究。其中,在矿山开采和隧道工程中,经常要遇到巷道/隧道的涌水问题,此类问题时水平井问题的一个分支。另外基岩及裂隙岩体在自然界中广泛分布,受自重应力的影响,其渗透性随着深度的增加呈负指数减小的趋势。因此,基岩裂隙地区含水层中巷道/隧道涌水问题的研究在实际工程中具有重要的理论指导意义。针对此类问题,前人已经做了一定的研究,提出了围岩中水平隧道涌水的渗流模型及其解析解和数值解。并分析了隧道涌水量与隧道埋深的关系以及多个不同深度隧道之间的叠加效应,讨论了隧道围岩双层水位问题。但是前人的研究中缺少有关隔水边界如何影响巷道/隧道涌水的论述。另外,前人在对比渗透性随深度呈负指数增长的非均质含水层和均质含水层方面的研究也不是很充足。本文将在考虑围岩渗透性随深度呈负指数变化的情况下,建立隔水边界附近地下水从各向异性围岩向水平隧道涌水的渗流模型,并利用解析解和数值解进行求解和演算。在渗透系数随深度呈负指数变化的非均质各向异性二维稳定流问题中,对于顶部为定水头边界侧面为铅直隔水边界的情况进行解析解求解。对于侧面为其他角度隔水边界的情况利用有限元法,结合MATLAB提取单元和节点数据,并应用VB编程计算进行求解。对于上面为隔水边界,侧面为定水头边界补给的情况,同样利用有限元法进行求解计算。并分析各个参数对涌水量,水位分布以及峰值涌水深度的影响。进而揭示涌水问题的本质规律进一步从动力学角度探讨隧道涌水规律。另外,本文对比了渗透性随深度呈负指数增长的非均质含水层褐渗透系数保持不变的均质含水层中水平井的涌水问题。最后本文利用雅砻江锦屏二级水电站的实测数据,利用两种数学模型进行渗透参数的反演。更多还原

【Abstract】 Just for its advantages, horizontal well technology and its research has been widely adopted in fields of underground engineering, submarine engineering, petroleum exploitation, pollutants repairing and hydrogeology engineering. Both tunnels and drainage roadway can be treated as horizontal well. Tunnels gushing and drainage roadway gushing problem is common in mining exploring and always bring in significant loss. Rock aquifer with the dept-dependent exponential decrease of hydraulic conductivity is widely distributed in nature. Therefore the research of tunnel and drainage roadway which located in rock aquifer possesses practical and theoretical guidance significance. Previous have done some research about tunnels gushing and drainage roadway gushing problem. And solutions are obtained for predicting tunnel water inflows and water head for the commonly observed case of an exponential decrease of hydraulic conductivity with depth in isotropic jointed rock mass. However, there is no research about how non-flow boundary influence the tunnel water inflows. What’s more, the comparison between rock aquifer with the dept- exponential decrease of hydraulic conductivity and homogeneous rock aquifer is not sufficient.According to the angle between the constant water head boundary and non-flow boundary, analytical solution and finite-element solution are presented respectively. Effects of tunnel depth, non-flow and constant water head boundary boundary distance on predicted water inflow are discussed. For the finite-element solution, MATLAB is adopted for mesh and VB is used for calculation. Analyzing is given to the tunnel water inflows, depth of peak water inflows and enormous difference between the up and down water head. What’s more a comparison about tunnel water inflow is given between heterogeneous and homogeneous rock aquifer. At last, two kinds of mathematical model are applied into Yalongjiang Secondary Hydropower Station, and hydraulic conductivity is obtained according to tunnel water inflow date.更多还原