【作者】 李方向；

【导师】 何俊萍；

【作者基本信息】 中国政法大学 ， 民商法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文力图对夫妻约定财产制度作一系统地探讨,主要是从历史角度特别西方法律制度发展史来看夫妻约定财产制度所蕴含的现代文明的思想理念,认为夫妻约定财产制度是夫妻财产制度文明演化的产物,该制度既是社会发展催生而成,更是自由、平等、契约自由和财产所有权神圣等现代化思想浸润而生,夫妻约定财产制度应是婚姻家庭财产法律制度理想发展的方向,与法定财产制度比较而言,其有着天然的优越性,但是随着国家职能的扩张,私法的公法化趋向有所增强,这种发展的趋势有所减缓,法定财产制度在某种程度上制约着约定财产制度的发展。在探讨夫妻约定财产制度的性质、构成条件、影响因素后,提出构建理想的夫妻财产约定制度应有当事人意思自治原则、约定内容不得翻悔原则、公序良俗、情势变更等法律原则,意思自治原则是夫妻约定财产制度的基本指导原则,作为实现意思自治的一种保证,约定内容不得翻悔就成为意思自治的有益补充,由于意思自治只体现当事人的利益,为限制人们私欲心的膨胀而危及他人和社会的利益,必须对意思自治产生的流弊进行补救,公序良俗原则或权利不得滥用原则即为法律上的限制保障,但如若发生不归于双方当事人的意志而是社会共同生活大环境变化导致的利益得失时,应有情势变更原则予以调济,唯有此,才能体现法律制度的周延和公正。通过对法国、德国等发达国家民法规定的简单分析,总结了现代夫妻约定财产制度发展的一般特点。对我国现行夫妻约定财产制度存在的不足进行了分析,一是缺少夫妻约定财产制度一般规则的规定,二是缺少夫妻约定财产制度建立的体系性规定,三是缺少夫妻约定对内对外效力的全面规定,四是缺少夫妻约定类型具体内容的规定,五是缺少夫妻约定财产制度的登记或公示制度等。认为我国夫妻约定财产制度仍处于一种学习起步和摸索研究的阶段,提出了健全我国夫妻约定财产制度的一些意见。最后文章提出随着人的权利观念的普及,伴随着男女走向实质平等的现实,许多国家都在追随时代的步伐,逐步完善本国的夫妻财产制度。本文侧重探讨了夫妻约定财产制的基本理论和发展趋势,为建立我国较为完善的法律制度进行了内容体系的设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 This essay tries to systematically talk about the couple agreed upon property system.It analyses the modern conception of the couple agreed upon property system from the historical perspective of the development history of western law system.The system,which should be the ideal direction of the marital property system,is not only the product of the civilization but also the product of modern idea of freedom,equality,free contract and holy personal property.Compared with legal property system, this system enjoys the natural superiority.But with the expansion of the functions and powers of the state,more and more private laws are becoming public laws.To some extent,the development of legal property system limits the development of the couple agreed upon property system.After talking about the nature,the condition and the influencing elements of the couple agreed upon property system.This essay puts forward the following principles:the person concerned decides the idea of himself or herself;the agreed content can not be changed;public order and changing situation,among which the first principle is the basic one for the coupe agreed upon property system and is the guarantee for the second principle and the necessary supplement for the third principle.In order to control the selfishness which might endanger other people and the society since the first principle only embodies the interest of the person concerned, it must do something for the shortcomings of the first principle.The third principle works as the safeguard in law.But if the loss is caused by the social change not by the will of the person concerned,the principle of changing situation can make it up.Only in this way,the justice and distribution of law can be expressed.Through the simple analysis of civil law of France,Germany,this essay summarizes the general characteristics of modern system of couple agreed upon property.This essay also analyses the shortcomings of the system:one:it lacks the general regulations;second:it lacks the systematical regulations for the construction of the system;three:it lacks all-over regulations for the inside and outside effects of the agreed by the couple;four:it lacks the regulations for the detailed contents;five:it lacks the systems of registration and briefing system.The writer thinks the system in country is still in the beginning and studying stage and puts forward some ideas to perfect the system.The last part of the essay shows since many countries are following the pace of the time with the popularization of equal human rights and the realization of equality between the sexes and amending the system.Thus establishing and perfecting the system should the logic way and tendency.This eassy covers the elemental theroy and evolutionary trend of the couple agreed upon property system.It constructs a content system for building a perfect jus.更多还原