【作者】 孙大鹏；

【导师】 李佩成；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 环境科学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 水资源是人类及一切生物赖以生存和发展的宝贵资源。地下水作为水资源的重要组成部分,对于我国国民经济发展、社会进步和生态安全具有十分重要的作用。本文研究的泾惠渠灌区位于关中平原中部,是一个从泾河自流引水的大型灌区。灌区总面积约为1233km2,灌溉陕西省的咸阳、西安和渭南三市的泾阳、三原、高陵、临潼、阎良及富平等六县(区)的135万亩农田。灌区土壤肥沃,水利条件好,但由于多种因素的影响,致使目前灌区缺水现象严重。为了满足农业灌溉的需要,连年超采地下水,致使地下水水位持续下降,灌区内部已出现漏斗区。并且由于工农业的发展,灌区地下水污染严重,矿化度普遍增高。这都导致浅层地下水水质及生态环境恶化,给灌区的建设,经济发展,人民生活,生态环境带来的危害和损失是巨大的,不容忽视。水质评价是水资源保护的基础工作和重要手段。本文在对泾惠渠灌区地下水水质样品分析结果的基础上,应用模糊综合评价法对灌区地下水水质进行评价。根据试验数据和地下水质量标准,计算出各监测点地下水水质所属类别,再应用ArcGIS的地统计分析模块对水质类别进行空间插值,分析水质变化趋势。论文最后根据水质评价结果分析了泾惠渠灌区地下水水质恶化的原因,并针对灌区地下水污染情况提出保护对策。地下水水质恶化是在多种因素的共同作用下形成的,该区水质保护应从根本入手,即对地下水开采、布井进行全面、合理的规划,控制并逐步减少地下水的开采量,严禁在缺水区再打深井,协调好“三水”的关系,严格控制工业废水及生活污水的排放,确保地下水不受污染,防止污染加重,恶化环境,在长期超采地下水引起水位下降的地区开展地下水人工回灌工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water resource is valuable to lives’survival and development. As an important part of water resource, groundwater plays a very important role on development of society and national economy as well as the security of water supply.The article studies on Jinghui irrigated area, which is located on Guanzhong plain, Shanxi province. Jinghui irrigated area, with the coverage of 1233 km2, takes its natural course from Jing River, irrigating 1.35 million mu of farmland in 6 counties (districts) including Jingyang, Sanyuan, Gaoling, Lintong, Yanliang and Fuping of Xianyang, Xian and Weinan 3 cities.Although there is rich farmland and good irrigation condition, water shortage is serious without overall planning on water resources in the irrigated area. In order to satisfy the requirement of agricultural irrigation, groundwater is over explored in successive years, which causes depression of water level and funnel area in irrigated area. Furthermore, industrial development causes serious pollution and high mineralization ratio of groundwater in irrigated area as well. All these contribute to deterioration of shallow-groundwater quality and eco-environment, resulting in huge harm and loss on construction, economic development, people’s life and eco-environment of irrigated area.Water quality assessment is the basic work and important mean for protecting water resources. Based on the analysis of water sample from Jinghui irrigated area, the quality of groundwater in this irrigated area is assessed by Fuzzy Synthetic Assessment. According to experimental data and the quality standard of groundwater, water quality of different monitoring points is classified. Via ArcGIs statistical analysis module, interpolation on classification of water quality is taken to analyze variation trend of water quality.In the end of the article, the reason for deterioration of water quality in Jinghui irrigated area is analyzed according to water quality assessment and the countermeasure to water pollution in irrigated area is brought up. Deterioration of water quality is caused by various reasons among which over-exploration and industrial production are main reasons, therefore, reasonable overall planning on groundwater exploration and well spacing should be carried out to protect water quality in this irrigated area thoroughly. As well, amount of water exploration must be controlled and decreased; deep-well must be forbidden in water deficient area; relationship of“three-water”should be coordinated; discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage should be controlled strictly, pollution of groundwater, aggravation of pollution and deterioration of environment must be avoided; and artificial recharge must be carried out in the area where gets depression of groundwater level by over-exploration.更多还原