【作者】 付晓刚；

【导师】 李云峰；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 干旱缺水与水土流失并存是长期影响陕西南部山区人民生活和农业生产发展的重要限制性因素,也是我国干旱、半干旱土石山区普遍存在的共性问题。一方面,农村生活及农业生产严重缺水,另一方面,强烈的水土流失又使得大量地表径流流失。如何充分地开发利用坡面径流资源已成为促进我国干旱土石山区经济发展和改善生态环境的有效途径之一,同时也成为当今缺水国家和地区研究和关注的热点问题之一。本文依托陕南地区坡面径流利用技术项目,在查阅了大量国内外文献的基础上,对干旱土石山区水土流失和干旱缺水的矛盾进行了深入的分析,提出了以水为中心的坡面径流集蓄的水土保持新思路,并在此基础上提出了一套完整的和适合于当地的坡面径流集散工程配置理论,对解决干旱、半干旱土石山区坡面径流集散工程系统优化配置等实际问题有很大的指导意义。同时本文也展开了干旱土石山区坡面集水工程储水体地址选择的有关讨论,对储水体选址的相关原则以及布置典型进行了分析总结,并借鉴运筹学中的层次分析理论,以定量和定性分析相结合的方法,建立了坡面径流集散工程效益分析评价的层次递阶模型,经过认真筛选和分析,提出了包括经济效益、生态效益和社会效益三大类共11项评价指标的体系。分析计算出各指标对总目标即综合效益的权重,建立了综合效益评价的数学模型。最后以项目区中的白河县马利沟小流域为典型,对作者所提出的理论进行了验证,并对白河县水窖的修建提出了一些意见和想法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water shortage and soil erosion both are important restrictive factors which affect local agricultural development and the life for people living in the mountainous areas in southern of shaanxi. And also it is a common problem in the Arid and Semi-arid Area of our country. On one hand, rural life and agricultural production are faced with serious water shortage; on the other hand, heavy soil erosion leads to the lost of runoff on surface of the ground a lot in this area. Thus, how to utilize and develope the resources of runoff on slope has become one of the most effective measures to promote economic development and improve the ecological environment in the earth-rock mountainous areas of arid and semi-arid area of our country. Meanwhile, it is also one of the focus issues concerned by the nations and regions which is short of water.Relying on the project of making use of technology on runoff on slope in the southern Shaanxi, based on consulting plenty of Chinese and foreign literature, this article analyzes the contradictions of soil erosion and drought in the dry earth-rock mountainous areas thoroughly. With water as the center, this artical also listed a completely new idea about soil and water conservation which is based on collecting runoff on slope. On that base, this article set a suit of complete disposition technique theory for the collecting and distributing runoff on slope which is suitable for local surface which has a great significance to solve practical problems in the earth-rock mountainous areas of arid and semi-arid area such as optimizing disposition technique of collecting and distributing project system for runoff on slope.At the same time, the selective methods about tank’s location on slope catchment project were also discussed, and also the relevant principles and disposal modle about the location of tank were summarized. The article apllying analytical hierarchical process theory in operational research established the model of assessing the collecting and distributing runoff on slope project. After careful screening and analysis, this article established the system of assessing index system including three dominating aspects such as economic efficiency,ecological efficiency and social efficiency including a total of 11 subordinate indexes. On the basis of analyzing the relation between each index and synthetical goal, the mathematics mode of assessing synthetical efficiency was made.Finally, take the small watershed of Maligou in Baihe County as a typical,the theory advanced by the author was verified, and a number of suggestions and ideas about cellar in Baihe County were made.更多还原